Prevalence of adiposity-based chronic disease in middle-aged adults from Czech Republic: The Kardiovize study

Abstract

Aims/hypothesis: The need for understanding obesity as a chronic disease, its stigmatization, and the lack of actionability related to it demands a new approach. The adiposity-based chronic disease (ABCD) model is based on adiposity amount, distribution, and function, with a three stage complication-centric rather than a body mass index (BMI)-centric approach. The prevalence rates and associated risk factors are presented.

Methods: In total, 2159 participants were randomly selected from Czechia. ABCD was established as BMI ≥ 25 kg/m² or high body fat percent, or abdominal obesity and then categorized by their adiposity-based complications: Stage 0: none; Stage 1: mild/moderate; Stage 2: severe.

Results: ABCD prevalence was 62.8%. Stage 0 was 2.3%; Stage 1 was 31.4%; Stage 2 was 29.1%. Comparing with other classifiers, participants in Stage 2 were more likely to have diabetes, hypertension, and metabolic syndrome than those with overweight, obesity, abdominal obesity, and increased fat mass. ABCD showed the highest sensitivity and specificity to detect participants with peripheral artery disease, increased intima media, and vascular disease.

Conclusion/interpretation: The ABCD model provides a more sensitive approach that facilitates the early detection and stratification of participants at risk compared to traditional classifiers.

Keywords: adiposity; cardiovascular disease; epidemiology; obesity; overweight.

FIGURE 1

Flow chart of the recruitment, baseline data collection, and selection of participants for the analysis

FIGURE 2

Prevalence of adiposity‐based chronic disease (ABCD). The left graph presents the prevalence of ABCD by gender, showing how the Stages 0 and 2 were higher in men and normal and 1 in women (p < 0.001). The right graph presents the prevalence by age groups, showing how the normal stage decrease steadily with age and stage 2 increase with age (p < 0.001)

FIGURE 3

Comparison among the prevalence of adiposity‐based chronic disease (ABCD) and other standard anthropometric measurement. The upper graph presents how the ABCD model detects a higher proportion of participants compared with other definitions in both genders. The lower graph presents how the prevalence changes with age (p < 0.001)