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Review
. 2021 Sep 23:11:730824.
doi: 10.3389/fonc.2021.730824. eCollection 2021.

Recent Advances in Experimental Dendritic Cell Vaccines for Cancer

Ivan Y Filin  1 , Kristina V Kitaeva  1 , Catrin S Rutland  2 , Albert A Rizvanov  1 , Valeriya V Solovyeva  1
Affiliations
Review

Recent Advances in Experimental Dendritic Cell Vaccines for Cancer

Ivan Y Filin et al. Front Oncol. .

Abstract

The development of immunotherapeutic methods for the treatment of oncological diseases have made it possible to improve the effectiveness of standard therapies. There was no breakthrough after first using of personalized therapeutic vaccines based on dendritic cells in clinical practice. A deeper study of the biology of dendritic cells, as well as the use of new approaches and agents for antigenic work, have made it possible to expand the field of application of dendritic cell (DC) vaccines and improve the indicators of cancer patients. In addition, the low toxicity of DC vaccines in clinical trials makes it possible to use promising predictions of their applicability in wider clinical practice. This review examines new approaches and recent advances of the DC vaccine in clinical trials.

Keywords: antigen-presenting cells; antitumor vaccines; cancer; dendritic cells; immunotherapy.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
(A) The main stages of creating a personalized antitumor vaccine based on autologous DCs. The figure shows various methods for obtaining DCs from CD14+ monocytes, CD34+ HSCs and natural DCs from patient’s whole blood by apheresis, further maturation using a cocktail of cytokines or electroporation of mRNA of CD40L, CD70 and caTLR4. Methods for obtaining various types of tumor antigens are also shown, such as: artificial neoantigens/peptides/mRNA of tumor antigens, lysate/inactivated tumor cells, as well as extracellular vesicles for activating DCs and their subsequent use as a DC vaccine. (B) After the administration of the dendritic vaccine, activated mature DCs migrate to the lymph nodes, where they present tumor antigens to naïve CD8+ and CD4+ T-cells and B-cells. Activated CD8+ and CD4+ T-cells and B-cells migrate to the adjacent tumor tissue, where tumor cells are eliminated by activated cytotoxic CD8+ T-cells and NK cells, while CD4+ T-helpers and B-cells releasing pro-inflammatory cytokines, that enhance cytotoxic effects.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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