Imaging of odontogenic keratocysts: a pictorial review

Abstract

Introduction: The aim of the present article was to review and depict the main radiological features of odontogenic keratocysts (OKCs), thus helping the differential diagnoses from other odontogenic cysts and neoplasms.

Evidence acquisition: A review of articles published between January 2000 and October 2020 using Medline and the MeSH Term "odontogenic keratocyst" in combination with the following terms "imaging," "radiology," "panoramic radiograph," and "computed tomography," was performed.

Evidence synthesis: Radiographically, OKCs are well-defined unilocular or multilocular radiolucencies bounded by corticated margins. Most lesions are unilocular; instead, multilocular OKCs represent about the 30% of cases, mainly involving the posterior mandible. When, particularly in large lesions, OKCs display a multilocular presentation with adjacent satellite cysts (daughter cysts) a "soap-bubble appearance" can be recognized.

Discussion: Panoramic radiograph and CT still play an important role in the diagnosis and treatment planning of OKCs. Unfortunately, it may not be easy to differentiate OKCs from other odontogenic lesions, especially when they are small and unilocular.

Conclusions: Histopathological findings are still necessary to obtain a definitive diagnosis.