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Review
. 2021 Sep 22;26(19):5748.
doi: 10.3390/molecules26195748.

A Review of Manganese(III) (Oxyhydr)Oxides Use in Advanced Oxidation Processes

Daqing Jia  1 , Khalil Hanna  2   3 , Gilles Mailhot  1 , Marcello Brigante  1
Affiliations
Review

A Review of Manganese(III) (Oxyhydr)Oxides Use in Advanced Oxidation Processes

Daqing Jia et al. Molecules. .

Abstract

The key role of trivalent manganese (Mn(III)) species in promoting sulfate radical-based advanced oxidation processes (SR-AOPs) has recently attracted increasing attention. This review provides a comprehensive summary of Mn(III) (oxyhydr)oxide-based catalysts used to activate peroxymonosulfate (PMS) and peroxydisulfate (PDS) in water. The crystal structures of different Mn(III) (oxyhydr)oxides (such as α-Mn2O3, γ-MnOOH, and Mn3O4) are first introduced. Then the impact of the catalyst structure and composition on the activation mechanisms are discussed, as well as the effects of solution pH and inorganic ions. In the Mn(III) (oxyhydr)oxide activated SR-AOPs systems, the activation mechanisms of PMS and PDS are different. For example, both radical (such as sulfate and hydroxyl radical) and non-radical (singlet oxygen) were generated by Mn(III) (oxyhydr)oxide activated PMS. In comparison, the activation of PDS by α-Mn2O3 and γ-MnOOH preferred to form the singlet oxygen and catalyst surface activated complex to remove the organic pollutants. Finally, research gaps are discussed to suggest future directions in context of applying radical-based advanced oxidation in wastewater treatment processes.

Keywords: AOPs; Mn(III) (oxyhydr)oxides; radicals; water treatment.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Structural representations of α-Mn2O3 (a), γ-MnOOH (b), and (c) Mn3O4. The red, blue, and white balls represent oxygen, manganese, and hydrogen atoms, respectively. The black dashed lines represent the single unit cell. The crystalline parameters of Mn(III) (oxyhydr)oxides were taken from the crystallography open database (COD), and the COD ID of α- Mn2O3, γ-MnOOH, and Mn3O4 are 2105791, 1011012, and 1514121, separately [52,53,54].
Figure 1
Figure 1
Structural representations of α-Mn2O3 (a), γ-MnOOH (b), and (c) Mn3O4. The red, blue, and white balls represent oxygen, manganese, and hydrogen atoms, respectively. The black dashed lines represent the single unit cell. The crystalline parameters of Mn(III) (oxyhydr)oxides were taken from the crystallography open database (COD), and the COD ID of α- Mn2O3, γ-MnOOH, and Mn3O4 are 2105791, 1011012, and 1514121, separately [52,53,54].
Figure 2
Figure 2
The activation mechanisms of peroxymonosulfate by Mn(III) (oxyhydr)oxides.
Figure 3
Figure 3
The activation mechanisms of peroxydisulfate by various Mn(III) (oxyhydr)oxides.
Figure 4
Figure 4
The diagram of PDS activation on the surface of γ-MnOOH. The red, blue, and white balls in the structure of γ-MnOOH represent the oxygen, manganese, and hydrogen atoms, respectively. The COD ID of γ-MnOOH is 1011012 [54].
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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