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. 2022 Jan;46(1):211-219.
doi: 10.1038/s41366-021-00979-z. Epub 2021 Oct 13.

Interpregnancy weight gain and childhood obesity: analysis of a UK population-based cohort

Nida Ziauddeen  1   2 , Jonathan Y Huang  3 , Elizabeth Taylor  4   5 , Paul J Roderick  4 , Keith M Godfrey  5   6 , Nisreen A Alwan  7   8   9
Affiliations

Interpregnancy weight gain and childhood obesity: analysis of a UK population-based cohort

Nida Ziauddeen et al. Int J Obes (Lond). 2022 Jan.

Abstract

Background: Maternal obesity increases the risk of adverse long-term health outcomes in mother and child including childhood obesity. We aimed to investigate the association between interpregnancy weight gain between first and second pregnancies and risk of overweight and obesity in the second child.

Methods: We analysed the healthcare records of 4789 women in Hampshire, UK with their first two singleton live births within a population-based anonymised linked cohort of routine antenatal records (August 2004 and August 2014) with birth/early life data for their children. Measured maternal weight and reported height were recorded at the first antenatal appointment of each pregnancy. Measured child height and weight at 4-5 years were converted to age- and sex-adjusted body mass index (BMI z-score). Log-binomial regression was used to examine the association between maternal interpregnancy weight gain and risk of childhood overweight and obesity in the second child. This was analysed first in the whole sample and then stratified by baseline maternal BMI category.

Results: The prevalence of overweight/obesity in the second child was 19.1% in women who remained weight stable, compared with 28.3% in women with ≥3 kg/m2 weight gain. Interpregnancy gain of ≥3 kg/m2 was associated with increased risk of childhood overweight/obesity (adjusted relative risk (95% CI) 1.17 (1.02-1.34)), with attenuation on adjusting for birthweight of the second child (1.08 (0.94-1.24)). In women within the normal weight range at first pregnancy, the risks of childhood obesity (≥95th centile) were increased with gains of 1-3 kg/m2 (1.74 (1.07-2.83)) and ≥3 kg/m2 (1.87 (1.18-3.01)).

Conclusion: Children of mothers within the normal weight range in their first pregnancy who started their second pregnancy with a considerably higher weight were more likely to have obesity at 4-5 years. Supporting return to pre-pregnancy weight and limiting weight gain between pregnancies may achieve better long-term maternal and offspring outcomes.

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Conflict of interest statement

KMG has received reimbursement for speaking at conferences sponsored by companies selling nutritional products, and is part of an academic consortium that has received research funding from Abbott Nutrition, Nestec, BenevolentAI Bio Ltd. and Danone. The other authors have no potential competing interests to declare.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1. PRISMA flow diagram.
Flowchart of the study including details of inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2. Prevalence of overweight and obesity in the second child at 4-5 years by maternal BMI category at second pregnancy.
Prevalence of overweight and obesity by maternal BMI category.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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