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Review
. 2021 Aug 30;13(8):e17550.
doi: 10.7759/cureus.17550. eCollection 2021 Aug.

Correlation of Coronary Artery Disease and Left Ventricular Hypertrophy

Khizer Khalid  1 , Jaskamal Padda  1 , Dina Ismail  1 , Muhammad Abdullah  1 , Dhriti Gupta  1 , Roshini Pradeep  1 , Warda Hameed  1 , Ayden Charlene Cooper  1 , Gutteridge Jean-Charles  1   2
Affiliations
Review

Correlation of Coronary Artery Disease and Left Ventricular Hypertrophy

Khizer Khalid et al. Cureus. .

Abstract

Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is the leading cause of death worldwide, and it is defined as an imbalance between myocardial oxygen supply and demand. Coronary artery disease (CAD) and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) are two common causes of IHD that independently result in myocardial ischemia. CAD decreases myocardial blood and oxygen supply whereas LVH increases myocardial oxygen demand. The coexistence of both CAD and LVH results in a significant increase in oxygen demand while simultaneously lowering oxygen supply. Since hypertension is a shared predisposing condition for both CAD and LVH, the left ventricular (LV) mass on noninvasive echocardiography can reflect on the severity of coronary artery stenosis. In clinical practice, it can help physicians decide whether to perform invasive cardiac catheterization to visualize the extent of the coronary block. Although, both CAD and LVH are directly proportional to mortality risk, the addition of eccentric LVH can further increase morbidity and mortality due to myocardial infarction. Therefore, the latest management of both the acute and chronic phases of CAD places an increased emphasis on controlling the predisposing factors to prevent or reverse LVH. For example, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and diuretics reduce LV mass by lowering the cardiac preload and afterload. This article aims to investigate the deleterious effects of the collaboration between CAD and LVH, establish a causal relationship, and explore the new prevention and management strategies.

Keywords: cad: coronary artery disease; concentric; eccentric; ihd; left ventricular hypertrophy (lvh); myocardial infarction.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. Prevalence of hypertension and coronary heart disease (CHD) by gender.
Prevalence of hypertension and CHD in the United States by gender in adults ≥18 years of age, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2015-2018 [10]. The image was created by the author (Dr. Dhriti Gupta, MBBS).
Figure 2
Figure 2. Prevalence of hypertension and coronary heart disease (CHD) by age within the United States, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2015-2018.
[10]. The image was created by the author (Dr. Dhriti Gupta, MBBS).
Figure 3
Figure 3. Pathophysiology of exercise intolerance in CAD and LVH.
CAD - coronary artery disease, LVH - left ventricular hypertrophy [13]. The image was created by the author (Dr. Dhriti Gupta, MBBS).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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