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Editorial
. 2021 Apr 20:9:101-108.
doi: 10.1016/j.xjtc.2021.02.050. eCollection 2021 Oct.

Three-dimensional printing to plan intracardiac operations

Matthew C Henn  1 , Nahush A Mokadam  1
Affiliations
Editorial

Three-dimensional printing to plan intracardiac operations

Matthew C Henn et al. JTCVS Tech. .
No abstract available

Keywords: 3D printing; LVAD; TAVR; cardiac surgery; congenital heart surgery; education; septal myectomy; surgical planning.

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Figures

None
Matthew C. Henn, MD, and Nahush A. Mokadam, MD
Figure 1
Figure 1
Original 3D printer. The first commercialized 3D printer—the SLA-1 in 1988. Reprinted with permission from 3D Systems Corp, Rock Hill, SC; available at https://www.3dsystems.com/our-story.
Figure 2
Figure 2
3D-printing technique. Step 1: Data acquisition via CT. Step 2: Segmentation processing of anatomy. Step 3: 3D reconstruction. Step 4: Adjusted digital 3D patient-specific model. Step 5: 3D-printed patient-specific model. CT, Computed tomography; 3D, three-dimensional. Reprinted with permission from Vukicevic and colleagues.
Figure 3
Figure 3
3D-printing technologies. 3D, Three-dimensional; SLA, stereolithography apparatus; DLP, direct light processing; FDM, fused deposition modeling; FFF, fused filament fabrication; CJP, color jet printing; SLS, selective laser sintering; SMS, SMS Group, Pittsburg, PA; SLM, selective laser melting; ABS, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene; PLA, polylactic acid; TPU, thermoplastic urethane; TPE, thermoplastic elastomer; HIPS, high-impact polystyrene; PVA, polyvinyl alcohol; Co, cobalt; Cr, chromium; Ni, nickel; Ti, titanium. Reprinted with permission from Anwar and colleagues.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Diversity of model material. A, Flexible model on left compared with rigid, color-coded model on right. B, Surgeon view of the right atrium using a flexible model that can hold suture. RA, Right atrium; IVC, inferior vena cava. Reprinted with permission from Anwar and colleagues.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Congenital surgical training using 3D models. A, Arterial switch procedure for complete transposition of the great arteries. B, Norwood operation for hypoplastic left heart syndrome. LCA, Left coronary artery; RA, right atrium; RV, right ventricle; SVC, superior vena cava. Re-printed with permission form Yoo and colleagues.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Images of 3D-printed models after simulated septal myectomy by attending surgeons and resident trainees. Reprinted with permission from Hermsen and colleagues.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Simulating the position of the ventricular assist device inflow cannula using a 3D-printed model of a patient with a systemic right ventricle. Reprinted with permission from Miller and colleagues.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Double-outlet right ventricle in 35-month-old boy. A to C, Preoperative CT images showing double-outlet right ventricle with ventriculoseptal defect (asterisks) and straddling of the mitral valve (red arrow). The dotted line measures the distance between the ventriculoseptal defect and the aortic annulus, which before 3D modeling was deemed too difficult for biventricular repair and palliative strategy was planned. D, The 3D model demonstrating the suturing margin along the VSD (asterisks on a purple ring). Visualization of this margin and distance changed the approach to biventricular repair with VSD baffling. E, Postoperative CT shows successful VSD baffling and RV to PA conduit. RPA, Right pulmonary artery; LPA, left pulmonary artery; AO, aorta; PA, pulmonary artery; LA, left atrium; RV, right ventricle; LV, left ventricle. Reprinted with permission from Yang and colleagues.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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