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Review
. 2022 Jan;46(1):52-62.
doi: 10.1002/cbin.11711. Epub 2021 Oct 21.

Migrasomes and exosomes; different types of messaging vesicles in podocytes

Mohammadreza Ardalan  1 , Seyed Mahdi Hosseiniyan Khatibi  1 , Yalda Rahbar Saadat  1 , Milad Bastami  2 , Ziba Nariman-Saleh-Fam  3 , Sima Abediazar  1 , Rovshan Khalilov  4   5 , Sepideh Zununi Vahed  1
Affiliations
Review

Migrasomes and exosomes; different types of messaging vesicles in podocytes

Mohammadreza Ardalan et al. Cell Biol Int. 2022 Jan.

Abstract

Podocytes, highly specified kidney epithelial cells, live under several pathological stimuli and stresses during which they adapt themselves to keep homeostasis. Nevertheless, under extreme stress, a complex scenario of podocyte damage and its consequences occur. Podocyte damage causes foot process effacement and their detachment from the glomerular basement membrane, leading to proteinuria. Podocyte-derived extracellular vesicles (pEVs), mainly microparticles and exosomes are considered as signaling mediators of intercellular communication. Recently, it has been shown that throughout the injury-related migration procedure, podocytes are capable of releasing the injury-related migrasomes. Evidence indicates that at the early stages of glomerular disorders, increased levels of pEVs are observed in urine. At the early stage of nephropathy, pEVs especially migrasomes seem to be more sensitive and reliable indicators of podocyte stress and/or damage than proteinuria. This review highlights the current knowledge of pEVs and their values for the diagnosis of different kidney diseases.

Keywords: exosomes; extracellular vesicles; migrasomes; podocyte injury; podocytopathy; urinary biomarkers.

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