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. 2021 Sep 15;13(9):10517-10526.
eCollection 2021.

The effects of the atomization inhalation of budesonide, salbutamol, and ipratropium bromide on the T-lymphocyte subset and inflammatory cytokine levels in children with asthmatic pneumonia

Yaqin Duan  1 , Huan Zhou  1 , Jianfeng Chen  1
Affiliations

The effects of the atomization inhalation of budesonide, salbutamol, and ipratropium bromide on the T-lymphocyte subset and inflammatory cytokine levels in children with asthmatic pneumonia

Yaqin Duan et al. Am J Transl Res. .

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to explore the effects of the atomization inhalation of budesonide (BUD), salbutamol (SAL), and ipratropium bromide (IB) on the T-lymphocyte subset and inflammatory cytokine levels in children with asthmatic pneumonia (AP).

Methods: A total of 118 children with AP admitted to our hospital were selected as the study cohort and randomly divided into two groups. The study group, included 67 patients who were treated with the atomization inhalation of BUD, SAL, and IB. The control group, included 51 patients who were treated with the atomization inhalation of BUD. The two groups were compared in terms of their symptom disappearance times, the therapeutic effects, inflammatory cytokine changes, their pulmonary function indices [C-reactive protein (CRP), respiratory frequency, forced vital capacity (FVC), one-second forced expiratory volume (FEV1), blood oxygen saturation (SpO2)], and their T-lymphocyte subset levels before and after the treatment, and the incidences of adverse reactions after the treatment.

Results: The symptom disappearance times in the study group were shorter than they were in the control group (P<0.05), and the overall response rate (ORR) was significantly higher in the study group (P<0.05). The IL-5, IL-6, and IL-10 levels were all lower in the study group (P<0.05), but the interferon-γ levels were higher in this group (P<0.05). The CRP level was lower in the study group (P<0.05), but the FVC, FEV1, and SpO2 levels were higher in this group (P<0.05). After the treatment, the CD3+, CD4+ and CD4+/CD8+ levels were all higher in the study group (P<0.05), but the CD8+ level was lower in this group (P<0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions in the study group was lower than it was in the control group (P=0.014).

Conclusion: The atomization inhalation of BUD, SAL, and IB is markedly effective in treating children with AP, and it can improve their immune function and reduce their inflammatory cytokines levels.

Keywords: Children with asthmatic pneumonia; T-lymphocyte subsets; inflammatory factor levels.

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Conflict of interest statement

None.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The symptom disappearance times. A. The fever disappearance times in both groups. B. The cough disappearance times in both groups. C. The dyspnea disappearance times in both groups. D. The wheezing disappearance times in both groups. E. The moist rales disappearance times in both groups. Note: The time unit is (d), *indicates P<0.05.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Changes in the inflammatory cytokine levels before and after the treatment. A. Changes in the IL-5 levels before and after the treatment. B. Changes in the IL-6 levels before and after the treatment. C. Changes in the IL-10 levels before and after the treatment. D. Changes in the IFN-γ levels before and after the treatment. Note: *indicates P<0.05.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Changes in the pulmonary function before and after treatment. A. Changes in the CRP levels before and after the treatment. B. Changes in the FVC levels before and after the treatment. C. Changes in the FEV1 levels before and after the treatment. D. Changes in the SpO2 levels before and after the treatment. Note: *indicates P<0.05.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Changes in T-lymphocyte subset levels before and after the treatment. A. Changes in the CD3+ levels before and after the treatment. B. Changes in the CD4+ levels before and after the treatment. C. Changes in the CD4+/CD8+ levels before and after the treatment. D. Changes in the CD8+ levels before and after the treatment. Note: *indicates P<0.05.
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