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Review
. 2021 Dec;92(12):1227-1238.
doi: 10.1007/s00115-021-01210-0. Epub 2021 Oct 15.

[Neuroprotective treatment of tauopathies]

[Article in German]
Affiliations
Review

[Neuroprotective treatment of tauopathies]

[Article in German]
Gesine Respondek et al. Nervenarzt. 2021 Dec.

Abstract

Tau pathology is now considered to be the main cause of a wide spectrum of neurodegenerative diseases, which are collectively referred to as tauopathies. These include primary tauopathies, in which tau plays the main role in the pathogenesis as well as secondary tauopathies, such as Alzheimer's disease, in which amyloid beta also plays a substantial role in the disease process in addition to the tau pathology. Primary tauopathies include progressive supranuclear palsy, corticobasal degeneration, Pick's disease and rare hereditary tauopathies, which are referred to as frontotemporal lobar degeneration with microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT) mutation. Tauopathies differ from each other pathologically by the affected brain regions and cell types as well as by the biochemical characteristics of the aggregated tau protein. Various tau-centered neuroprotective treatment approaches are currently in preclinical and clinical development. They target different mechanisms, including the reduction of tau expression, inhibition of tau aggregation, dissolution of tau aggregates, improvement of cellular mechanisms to eliminate toxic tau species, stabilization of microtubules and prevention of intercellular tau spreading. This review article gives an overview of tauopathies and the current concepts for the development of disease-modifying treatment.

Tau-Pathologie gilt heute als Hauptverursacher eines breiten Spektrums neurodegenerativer Erkrankungen, die als Tauopathien zusammengefasst werden. Dazu gehören primäre Tauopathien, bei denen Tau die Hauptrolle bei der Pathogenese spielt, sowie sekundäre Tauopathien wie die Alzheimer-Krankheit, bei der neben Tau auch Amyloid‑β eine wesentliche Rolle im Krankheitsprozess zukommt. Zu den primären Tauopathien gehören unter anderem die progressive supranukleäre Blickparese, die kortikobasale Degeneration, die Pick-Krankheit und seltene hereditäre Tauopathien, welche als frontotemporale Lobärdegeneration mit MAPT(„microtubule-associated protein tau“)-Mutation bezeichnet werden. Tauopathien unterscheiden sich pathologisch durch die betroffenen Hirnregionen und Zelltypen sowie durch die biochemischen Merkmale des aggregierten Tau-Proteins. Verschiedene Tau-zentrierte neuroprotektive Therapieansätze befinden sich aktuell in der präklinischen und klinischen Entwicklung. Dabei werden unterschiedliche Mechanismen, wie die Verringerung der Tau-Expression, die Hemmung der Tau-Aggregation, das Auflösen von Tau-Aggregaten, die Verstärkung der zellulären Mechanismen zur Beseitigung toxischer Formen von Tau, die Stabilisierung von Mikrotubuli und die Hemmung der interzellulären Ausbreitung von Tau, untersucht. In dieser Übersichtsarbeit geben wir einen Überblick über Tauopathien und die aktuellen Konzepte zur Entwicklung krankheitsmodifizierender Therapien.

Keywords: Alzheimer’s disease; Causal treatment; Corticobasal degeneration; Microtubule-associated protein tau; Progressive supranuclear palsy.

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