A comprehensive review of the impact of obesity on plasma cell disorders

Abstract

Multiple myeloma (MM) remains an incurable plasma cell malignancy. Although little is known about the etiology of MM, several metabolic risk factors such as obesity, diabetes, poor nutrition, many of which are modifiable, have been linked to the pathogenesis of numerous neoplasms including MM. In this article, we provide a detailed summary of what is known about the impact of obesity on the pathogenesis of MM, its influence on outcomes in MM patients, and discuss potential mechanisms through which obesity is postulated to influence MM risk and prognosis. Along with advancements in treatment modalities to improve survival in MM patients, focused efforts are needed to prevent or intercept MM at its earliest stages. The consolidated findings presented in this review highlight the need for clinical trials to assess if lifestyle modifications can reduce the incidence and improve outcomes of MM in high-risk populations. Data generated from such studies can help formulate evidence-based lifestyle recommendations for the prevention and control of MM.

Figure 1:

Role of Obesity in The Pathogenesis of Multiple Myeloma mTOR: Mechanistic/Mammalian Target of Rapamycin JAK/STAT: Janus Kinase/Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription NFκB: Nuclear Transcription Factor κB IL-6: Interleukin-6 IL-10: Interleukin-10 IL-17: Interleukin-17 IL-1RA: Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist TNF-α: Tumor Necrosis Factor-α CRP: C-Reactive Protein IGF-I: Insulin-like Growth Factor-I IGF-IR: Insulin-like Growth Factor-I Receptor