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Randomized Controlled Trial
. 2022 Sep;37(7):513-523.
doi: 10.1016/j.nrleng.2019.09.009. Epub 2021 Oct 13.

Impulsiveness in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder after an 8-week intervention with the Mediterranean diet and/or omega-3 fatty acids: a randomised clinical trial

I San Mauro Martin  1 , S Sanz Rojo  2 , L González Cosano  2 , R Conty de la Campa  2 , E Garicano Vilar  2 , J A Blumenfeld Olivares  3
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Free article
Randomized Controlled Trial

Impulsiveness in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder after an 8-week intervention with the Mediterranean diet and/or omega-3 fatty acids: a randomised clinical trial

I San Mauro Martin et al. Neurologia (Engl Ed). 2022 Sep.
Free article

Abstract

Introduction: The Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS) is a self-administered instrument designed to assess the personality/behavioural construct of impulsiveness. Impulsiveness has been associated with several psychiatric disorders, including attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This study assesses the progression of impulsive behaviour in children with ADHD after an 8-week dietary intervention with the Mediterranean diet and/or omega-3 fatty acid supplementation, by using a version of the 11-item BIS adapted for children (BIS-11c).

Methods: This cross-sectional study includes 60 children with ADHD from the region of Madrid, Spain. Participants were divided into 4 groups, with one control group and 3 intervention groups (Mediterranean diet; omega-3 supplementation; and Mediterranean diet plus omega-3 supplementation). A personalised Mediterranean diet was designed for members of groups 2 and 4. The BIS-11c was administered to determine the level of impulsiveness, and the KIDMED test was used to assess adherence to the Mediterranean diet.

Results: The supplementation group showed a fairly significant decrease in the total BIS-11c (P = .049). Total cognitive score slightly decreased in the diet and supplementation groups. Only the control group showed a considerable decrease in the total motor score. Total nonplanning scores were lower in all groups after the intervention. Baseline and final BIS-11c scores were positively correlated with treatments (r > 0.9).

Conclusion: An intake of 550 mg EPA fatty acid and 225 mg DHA fatty acid per day for 8 weeks is associated with less marked impulsive behaviour in children with ADHD. A Mediterranean diet may improve BIS scores, although our results are not conclusive in this population.

Keywords: Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder; Barratt Impulsiveness Scale; Children; Dieta mediterránea; Escala de impulsividad de Barratt; Impulsiveness; Impulsividad; Mediterranean diet; Niños; Omega 3; Omega-3; Trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad.

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