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Review
. 2021 Sep 29:12:728250.
doi: 10.3389/fgene.2021.728250. eCollection 2021.

Genotoxic Potential of Nanoparticles: Structural and Functional Modifications in DNA

Ritesh K Shukla  1 , Ashish Badiye  2 , Kamayani Vajpayee  1 , Neeti Kapoor  2
Affiliations
Review

Genotoxic Potential of Nanoparticles: Structural and Functional Modifications in DNA

Ritesh K Shukla et al. Front Genet. .

Abstract

The rapid advancement of nanotechnology enhances the production of different nanoparticles that meet the demand of various fields like biomedical sciences, industrial, material sciences and biotechnology, etc. This technological development increases the chances of nanoparticles exposure to human beings, which can threaten their health. It is well known that various cellular processes (transcription, translation, and replication during cell proliferation, cell cycle, cell differentiation) in which genetic materials (DNA and RNA) are involved play a vital role to maintain any structural and functional modification into it. When nanoparticles come into the vicinity of the cellular system, chances of uptake become high due to their small size. This cellular uptake of nanoparticles enhances its interaction with DNA, leading to structural and functional modification (DNA damage/repair, DNA methylation) into the DNA. These modifications exhibit adverse effects on the cellular system, consequently showing its inadvertent effect on human health. Therefore, in the present study, an attempt has been made to elucidate the genotoxic mechanism of nanoparticles in the context of structural and functional modifications of DNA.

Keywords: DNA; DNA damage; DNA methylation; DNA repair; genotoxic; nanoparticles; structural and functional modifications.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Comparative Size scale from macroscale to nanoscale represented by different objects.
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
Schematic representation of standard battery of Genotoxicity Assays.
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3
Schematic representation of the possible Primary and Secondary Genotoxicity mechanisms induced by nanoparticles.
FIGURE 4
FIGURE 4
Block diagram showing possible pathway to elucidate the Impact on Epigenome.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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