Concurrent and Prospective Associations Between Social Anxiety and Responses to Stress in Adolescence

Abstract

Several studies have investigated the relationship between adolescents' responses to stress and general anxiety and depression, but only few studies addressed the relationship between responses to stress and social anxiety. The current three-wave longitudinal study, that covered a period of 5 years with a time interval of on average two years between waves, examined concurrent as well as prospective relations between adolescents' self-reported stress responses, including coping responses, and self-perceived social anxiety. Both the predictive power of social anxiety for different stress responses and, reversely, of stress responses for social anxiety were evaluated. Participants were 331 youth (170 boys) aged 9 to 17 years old at Wave 1. Self-report questionnaires were used to measure social anxiety, responses to social stress, and depressive symptoms. Results showed significant concurrent relations between social anxiety and maladaptive stress responses. Moreover, the study yielded evidence for social anxiety predicting stress responses across time as well as stress responses predicting social anxiety, although evidence for the former link is stronger. The findings suggest that a relative lack of adaptive stress responses may heighten social anxiety and social anxiety in turn may trigger maladaptive as well as adaptive responses to social problems. The relevance of these findings for social anxiety prevention and intervention purposes are discussed.

Keywords: Adolescence; Coping; Social anxiety; Stress responses.

Fig. 1

Significant prospective relations between social anxiety and stress responses. Autoregressive effects not depicted for clarity reasons. SOC ANX: social anxiety; PRIM ENG: primary engagement coping; SEC ENG: secondary engagement coping; DISENG: disengagement coping; INVOL ENG: involuntary engagement response