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. 2022 Mar;34(3):591-598.
doi: 10.1007/s40520-021-01986-w. Epub 2021 Oct 18.

Different glomerular filtration rate estimating formula for prescribing DOACs in oldest patients: appropriate dosage and bleeding risk. Post hoc analysis of a prospective cohort

Valeria Calsolaro #  1 , Chukwuma Okoye #  1 , Sara Rogani  1 , Alessia Maria Calabrese  1 , Umberto Dell'Agnello  1 , Rachele Antognoli  1 , Daniela Guarino  1 , Fabio Monzani  2
Affiliations

Different glomerular filtration rate estimating formula for prescribing DOACs in oldest patients: appropriate dosage and bleeding risk. Post hoc analysis of a prospective cohort

Valeria Calsolaro et al. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2022 Mar.

Abstract

Background: Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) pharmacokinetics depends on estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), whose estimation is crucial for optimal risk/benefit balance.

Aims: To assess the concordance among different eGFR formulas and the potential impact on DOACs prescription appropriateness and bleeding risk in oldest hospitalized patients.

Methods: Post hoc analysis of a single-centre prospective cohort study. eGFR was calculated by creatinine-based (MDRD, CKD-EPICr, BIS1) and creatinine-cystatin-C-based (CKD-EPIComb and BIS2) formulas. Patients were stratified according to eGFR [severely depressed (SD) 15-29; moderately depressed (MD) 30-49; preserved/mildly depressed (PMD): ≥ 50 ml/min/1.73 m2]. Concordance between the different equations was assessed by Cohen's kappa coefficient.

Results: Among AF patients, 841 (59.2% women, mean age 85.9 ± 6.5 years) received DOACs. By CKD-EPICr equation, 135 patients were allocated in the SD, 255 in the MD and 451 in the PMD group. The concordance was excellent only between BIS 2 and CKD-EPIComb and MDRD and CKD-EPICr, while was worse (from good to poor) between the other formulas. Indeed, by adding cystatin-C almost over 1/3 of the patients were reallocated to a worse eGFR class. Bleeding prevalence increased by 2-3% in patients with discordant eGFR between formulas, reallocated to a worse chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage, although without reaching statistical significance. CKD-EPIComb resulted the best predictor of bleeding events (AUROC 0.71, p = 0.03).

Discussion: This study highlights the variability in CKD staging according to different eGFR formulas, potentially determining inappropriate DOACs dosing. Although the cystatin-C derived CKDEPIComb equation is the most accurate for stratifying patients, BIS1 may represent a reliable alternative.

Keywords: Atrial fibrillation; Chronic kidney disease; Cystatin-C; Direct oral anticoagulants; Glomerular filtration rate; Serum creatinine.

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Conflict of interest statement

All authors certify that they have no affiliations with or involvement in any organization or entity with any financial interest or non-financial interest in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Log-binomial regression between eGFR values and bleeding events
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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