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Book

Heart Failure (Congestive Heart Failure) (Nursing)

Pirbhat Shams, Ahmad Malik  1 , Lovely Chhabra  2 , Chaddie Doerr  3
In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan.
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Free Books & Documents
Book

Heart Failure (Congestive Heart Failure) (Nursing)

Pirbhat Shams et al.
Free Books & Documents

Excerpt

Heart failure is a common and complex clinical syndrome that results from any functional or structural heart disorder, impairing ventricular filling or ejection of blood to the systemic circulation to meet the body's needs. Heart failure can be caused by several different diseases. Most patients with heart failure have symptoms due to impaired left ventricular myocardial function. Patients usually present with dyspnea, fatigue, decreased exercise tolerance, and fluid retention, seen as pulmonary and peripheral edema.

Heart failure due to left ventricular dysfunction is categorized according to left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) into heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (LVEF 40% or less), known as HFrEF, and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (LVEF greater than 40%); known as HFpEF.[2]

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Conflict of interest statement

Disclosure: Pirbhat Shams declares no relevant financial relationships with ineligible companies.

Disclosure: Ahmad Malik declares no relevant financial relationships with ineligible companies.

Disclosure: Lovely Chhabra declares no relevant financial relationships with ineligible companies.

Disclosure: Chaddie Doerr declares no relevant financial relationships with ineligible companies.

References

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