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Review
. 2021 Dec;28(48):68071-68089.
doi: 10.1007/s11356-021-16809-8. Epub 2021 Oct 18.

Novel coronavirus pathogen in humans and animals: an overview on its social impact, economic impact, and potential treatments

Rokeya Akter  1 , Md Habibur Rahman  2 , Tanima Bhattacharya  3 , Deepak Kaushik  4 , Vineet Mittal  5 , Jatin Parashar  5 , Kuldeep Kumar  6 , Md Tanvir Kabir  7 , Priti Tagde  8
Affiliations
Review

Novel coronavirus pathogen in humans and animals: an overview on its social impact, economic impact, and potential treatments

Rokeya Akter et al. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2021 Dec.

Erratum in

Abstract

In the light of thousands of infections and deaths, the World Health Organization (WHO) has declared the outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) a worldwide pandemic. It has spread to about 22 million people worldwide, with a total of 0.45 million expiries, limiting the movement of most people worldwide in the last 6 months. However, COVID-19 became the foremost health, economic, and humanitarian challenge of the twenty-first century. Measures intended to curb the pandemic of COVID-19 included travel bans, lockdowns, and social distances through shelter orders, which will further stop human activities suddenly and eventually impact the world and the national economy. The viral disease is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). After SARS-CoV-2 virus and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)-related CoV, COVID-19 is the third most significant lethal disease to humans. According to WHO, COVID-19 mortality exceeded that of SARS and MERS since COVID-19 was declared an international public health emergency. Genetic sequencing has recently established that COVID-19 is close to SARS-CoV and bat coronavirus which has not yet been recognized as the key cause of this pandemic outbreak, its transmission, and human pathogen mechanism. This review focuses on a brief introduction of novel coronavirus pathogens, including coronavirus in humans and animals, its taxonomic classification, symptoms, pathogenicity, social impact, economic impact, and potential treatment therapy for COVID-19.

Keywords: COVID-19; Economy; Emerging pathogens; Novel coronavirus; Potential treatment; Social impact.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
The symptoms of SARS-CoV-2
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
The illustrations of mink as a possible reservoir host of SARS-CoV-2 and transmission of CoV strain
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Characteristics of Nidovirales
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Structure of the coronavirus: (1) spike (S), (2) membrane protein (M), (3) envelope protein (E), (4) lipid bilayer, (5) nucleocapsid (N)
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Illustration of coronavirus causing severe acute respiratory syndrome in animals
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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