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. 2021 Oct 11:2021:8666498.
doi: 10.1155/2021/8666498. eCollection 2021.

Evaluation of Angiogenesis and Pathological Classification of Extrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma by Dynamic MR Imaging for E-Healthcare

Jinyun Tan  1 , Xijun Sun  2 , Shaoyu Wang  3 , Baoqin Ma  2 , Zhaohui Chen  2 , Yaowei Shi  1 , Li Zhang  2 , Mohd Asif Shah  4
Affiliations

Evaluation of Angiogenesis and Pathological Classification of Extrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma by Dynamic MR Imaging for E-Healthcare

Jinyun Tan et al. J Healthc Eng. .

Retraction in

Abstract

For staging cholangiocarcinoma and determining respectability, MR is an accurate noninvasive method which provides size of tumor and vascular patency information. Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) is a noninvasive inspection method for evaluating the vascular structure and functional characteristics of tumor tissue. However, some limitations should be noted about the technology. At present, the technology cannot be used alone, which is just an assisted method during the conventional MRI examination. 50 ECC patients, admitted to Indira Gandhi Medical College and Hospital between 2016 and 2019, were selected as research subjects. They were classified pathologically according to the Steiner classification system. After image processing, regions of interest (ROIs) were selected from the image to measure the rate constant (Kep), extravascular space volume fraction (Ve), and tissue volume transfer constant (Ktrans). There were 15 cases with highly differentiated carcinoma, 23 cases with moderately differentiated carcinoma, and 12 cases with lowly differentiated carcinoma. Non-VEGF expression was noted in 21 cases, with low expression noted in 15 cases, moderate expression noted in 14 cases, and no high expression case noted. The relevant parameters in the dynamic MRI image can quantitatively reflect the angiogenesis and pathological classification of ECC, which is suggested in the clinical treatment of ECC. The Ktrans, Kep, and Ve values of the ECC patients were all not associated with the pathological classification, with no significant difference (P < 0.05). Besides, due to the fact that the patient cannot completely hold his breath, the air leak reduces the image quality.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The classification of cholangiocarcinoma.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (a) axial T1-weighted and (b) axial T2-weighted.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Perihilar cholangiocarcinoma. (a) An MRCP image as a focal stricture and (b) T1W in-phase SGRE; the mass is hypointense relative to liver parenchyma.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Intraductal cholangiocarcinoma (a) axial gadolinium-enhanced T1 SGRE image and (b) coronal T2W SSFSE MRCP images.
Figure 5
Figure 5
DCE-MRI technology.
Figure 6
Figure 6
The Ktrans value of different differentiation grades.
Figure 7
Figure 7
The Ve value of different differentiation grades.
Figure 8
Figure 8
The Kep value of different differentiation grades.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Perfusion parameter with VEGF.
Figure 10
Figure 10
Perfusion parameter with MSD.
Figure 11
Figure 11
Comparative analysis of the proposed and existing technique.
Figure 12
Figure 12
The improvement of the presented technique over existing technique.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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