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. 2021 Oct 4:8:618353.
doi: 10.3389/fmed.2021.618353. eCollection 2021.

Risk Factors for Non-arteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy: A Large Scale Meta-Analysis

Bing Liu  1 , Ying Yu  1 , Wen Liu  1 , Tuo Deng  2 , Daoman Xiang  1
Affiliations

Risk Factors for Non-arteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy: A Large Scale Meta-Analysis

Bing Liu et al. Front Med (Lausanne). .

Abstract

Objective: We conducted a meta-analysis to explore all the potential risk factors for non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) based on the published literature. Methods: A comprehensive literature search through the online databases was performed to obtain studies concerning the risk factors of NAION up to June 2020. Pooled unadjusted odds ratios (ORs) or rate ratios (RRs) were calculated to evaluate the weight of risk factors. This study was registered in PROSPERO under the number CRD42018084960. Results: Our meta-analysis included 49 original studies comprising of more than 10 million patients. The following risk factors were proved to be significantly associated with NAION: male gender (OR = 1.67, 95% CI: 1.50-1.85, P < 0.00001), hypertension (RR = 1.28, 95% CI: 1.20-1.37, P < 0.00001), hyperlipidemia (RR = 1.43, 95% CI: 1.26-1.62, P < 0.00001), diabetes mellitus (DM) (RR = 1.53, 95% CI: 1.36-1.73, P < 0.00001), coronary heart disease (CHD) (RR = 1.68, 95% CI: 1.24-2.27, P = 0.0008), sleep apnea (RR = 3.28, 95% CI: 2.08-5.17, P < 0.00001), factor V Leiden heterozygous (RR = 2.21, 95% CI: 1.19-4.09, P = 0.01), and medication history of cardiovascular drugs. Conclusion: We concluded that the above risk factors were significantly related to NAION. Better understanding of these risk factors in NAION can help the direct therapeutic approaches.

Keywords: large scale; meta-analysis; non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy; risk factor; systematic review.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Flow diagram of the meta-analysis.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Meta-analysis of the association of nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) with age (A), gender (B), and smoking (C).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Meta-analysis of the association of NAION with hypertension (A) and hyperlipidemia (B).
Figure 4
Figure 4
Meta-analysis of the association of NAION with diabetes mellitus (DM) (A), coronary heart disease (CHD) (B), and sleep apnea (C).
Figure 5
Figure 5
Meta-analysis of the association of NAION with cerebrovascular diseases.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Meta-analysis of the association of NAION with the use of phosphodiesterase type-5 inhibitors (PDE5-Is) within 1-month.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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