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Editorial
. 2021 Oct 5:12:775101.
doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.775101. eCollection 2021.

Editorial: Genetic and Epigenetic Control of Immune Responses

Satish Kumar R Noonepalle  1 , Lidia Karabon  2 , Katherine B Chiappinelli  3 , Alejandro Villagra  1
Affiliations
Editorial

Editorial: Genetic and Epigenetic Control of Immune Responses

Satish Kumar R Noonepalle et al. Front Immunol. .
No abstract available

Keywords: DNA methylation; HDAC inhibitor; checkpoint inhibition therapy; genetic and epigenetic alterations; tumor immune escape mechanisms; tumor immunology; tumor microenvironment.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Tumor intrinsic and extrinsic factors regulating immune responses in the tumor microenvironment. Cancer cell intrinsic factors such as genomic mutations, chromatin modifiers and non-coding RNA regulate tumor initiation, propagation as well as immunogenicity. Epigenetic modifications such as DNA methylation, histone acetylation and methylation regulate gene expression. Non-coding RNA including long non-coding RNA, microRNA, circular non-coding RNA regulate gene transcription as well as mRNA stability. Other mechanisms intrinsic to cancer cells include expression of immunosuppressive cytokines to facilitate escape from anti-tumor immunity, expression of immunosuppressive molecules such as PD-L1 and PD-L2, suppression of antigen processing and presentation machinery and tumor associated antigens. Cancer cell extrinsic factors include tumor infiltrated immune cells, fibroblasts, stromal cells and endothelial cells. Extrinsic factors also include secretory factors such as cytokines, chemokines, metabolites, growth factors and immune checkpoint molecules. Tumor associated antigens presented by antigen presenting cells such as macrophages, dendritic cells activate CD8 T-cells for effective anti-tumor immunity. However, immune checkpoint molecules expressed by cancer cells regulate the inflammatory status of the tumor tamping down the inflammation. Use of epigenetic modifiers such as DNMT inhibitors, HDAC inhibitors, BET inhibitors etc. can alter these reversible modifications to enhance anti-tumor immunity. Figure created with BioRender.com.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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