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. 2020 Oct 23;7(12):1861-1864.
doi: 10.1093/nsr/nwaa264. eCollection 2020 Dec.

Cold-chain food contamination as the possible origin of COVID-19 resurgence in Beijing

Xinghuo Pang  1 , Lili Ren  2 , Shuangsheng Wu  1 , Wentai Ma  3 , Jian Yang  4 , Lin Di  5 , Jie Li  6 , Yan Xiao  2 , Lu Kang  3 , Shichang Du  1 , Jing Du  1 , Jing Wang  1 , Gang Li  1 , Shuguang Zhai  1 , Lijuan Chen  1 , Wenxiong Zhou  5 , Shengjie Lai  7 , Lei Gao  4 , Yang Pan  1 , Quanyi Wang  1 , Mingkun Li  3 , Jianbin Wang  6 , Yanyi Huang  5 , Jianwei Wang  2 ; COVID-19 Field Response Group; COVID-19 Laboratory Testing Group
Affiliations

Cold-chain food contamination as the possible origin of COVID-19 resurgence in Beijing

Xinghuo Pang et al. Natl Sci Rev. .
No abstract available

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Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Identification of the possible source of infection and analysis of viral genomes obtained in the outbreak. (A) Heatmap showing the density distribution of infected employees in the basement of XFDM-TH reveals several possible originating sites. Employee and environment double-positive booths are highlighted in a red frame. Cases positive for IgM/IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 are marked in orange and pink, respectively. The numbers of booths are as follows, seafood: 32, showcase: 29, bean product: 20, beef and mutton: 74. (B) SARS-CoV-2 RNA and antibody test results of employees in suspected booths. Booth #S14 employees had the highest infection rates (100%) determined by qRT-PCR and antibody detections. (C) Symptom onset dates of employees in suspected booths. Booth #S14 employees had relatively early symptom onset time. (D) Phylogenetic tree of high-quality genomes obtained in the outbreak. From inside to outside: tree structure, sequence IDs, sample source, collection date and sample type. The clade brunch that includes all strains with the same eight mutations as the XFDM strain is highlighted with a yellow background. The IDs of sequences obtained in the cases before this outbreak in Beijing are marked in green. The sequence IDs of two preceding outbreaks in China (Harbin HLJ-0418 and Shulan JL001_Shulan) are highlighted in red and green backgrounds, respectively. IDs of all SARS-CoV-2 sequences in 2019nCoVR (until 12 September 2020) that share the same eight mutations with the XFDM strain are marked in blue. The IDs of sequences with only seven mutations (except C6026T) in 2019nCoVR (AUS/CEMM0045) are highlighted with a blue background. Mutations shared by at least two sequences are labelled on the tree. Reference genome (Wuhan-hu-1) and four main clades (A, B.1, B.2, B.1.1) are also included in the phylogenetic tree. The XFDM sample ID was started with the booth number and followed by either H (employee) or E (environment) and a number starting from 1. (E) Genome coverage of the SARS-CoV-2 recovered from the salmon swab. All identified mutations are labelled in red, which are also observed in the XFDM strain. Another five mutations in the XFDM strain are not identified due to the lack of sequence coverage in these regions (labelled in blue).
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