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. 2020 Aug 10;3(1):25-60.
doi: 10.1159/000509733. eCollection 2020 Aug.

Terpenes/Terpenoids in Cannabis: Are They Important?

Lumír Ondřej Hanuš  1 , Yotam Hod  1
Affiliations

Terpenes/Terpenoids in Cannabis: Are They Important?

Lumír Ondřej Hanuš et al. Med Cannabis Cannabinoids. .

Abstract

Cannabis sativa plant has not only cannabinoids as crucial compounds but also the other compounds that play important role as synergistic and/or entourage compound. Cannabis/hemp plant materials and essential oils were analyzed with the help of gas chromatography/mass spectrometry detector for the content of terpenes and terpenoids. The main terpenes/terpenoids and their abundance in the samples were evaluated. Results of this study will be helpful in the next evaluation of these compound in mixture with cannabinoids and their importance in medical treatment.

Keywords: Cannabis; Cannabis sativa L.; Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; Terpenes; Terpenoids.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Linking isoprene units “head to tail” to form terpenes/terpenoids.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Gas chromatogram of Monoica hemp chemotype.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Gas chromatogram of Lemon OG Kush cannabis chemotype.
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Gas chromatogram of Kilimanjaro cannabis chemotype.
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Gas chromatogram of Durban Poison cannabis chemotype.
Fig. 6
Fig. 6
Gas chromatogram of Sweet Tooth cannabis chemotype.
Fig. 7
Fig. 7
Gas chromatogram of Jack Herer cannabis chemotype.
Fig. 8
Fig. 8
Gas chromatogram of Dosidos cannabis chemotype.
Fig. 9
Fig. 9
Gas chromatogram of Edom cannabis chemotype.
Fig. 10
Fig. 10
Gas chromatogram of Lemon OG Kush cannabis chemotype.
Fig. 11
Fig. 11
Gas chromatogram of Fuji cannabis chemotype.
Fig. 12
Fig. 12
Gas chromatogram of Lemon Deluxe cannabis chemotype.
Fig. 13
Fig. 13
Gas chromatogram of Alaska cannabis chemotype.
Fig. 14
Fig. 14
Gas chromatogram of El Na cannabis chemotype.
Fig. 15
Fig. 15
Gas chromatogram of Berry Deluxe cannabis chemotype.
Fig. 16
Fig. 16
Gas chromatogram of Bubble Gum cannabis chemotype.
Fig. 17
Fig. 17
Gas chromatogram of Pandora's Box cannabis chemotype (fresh sample).
Fig. 18
Fig. 18
Gas chromatogram of Pandora's Box cannabis chemotype (dry sample).
Fig. 19
Fig. 19
Gas chromatogram of Lemon OG Kush cannabis chemotype.
Fig. 20
Fig. 20
Gas chromatogram of Futura hemp chemotype.
Fig. 21
Fig. 21
Gas chromatogram of Black Dream cannabis chemotype.
Fig. 22
Fig. 22
GC/MS chromatogram of 23 terpenes/terpenoids standards (RESTEK Catalog. No. 34095 and 34096). Key: 1, α-pinene; 2, camphene; 3, (−)-β-pinene; 4, β-myrcene; 5, Δ3-carene; 6, α-terpinene; 7, p-cymene; 8, d-limonene; 9, 1,8-cineole; (10, 31% α-ocimene + 11, 69% β-ocimene); 12, γ-terpinene; 13, terpinolene; 14, linalool; 15, (−)-isopulegol; 16, geraniol; 17, β-caryophyllene; 18, α-humulene; (19, 39% cis-nerolidol + 20, 61% trans-nerolidol); 21, (−)-caryophyllene oxide; 22, (−)-guaiol; 23, (−)-α-bisabolol.
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