Research Progress in Anti-Inflammatory Bioactive Substances Derived from Marine Microorganisms, Sponges, Algae, and Corals

Abstract

Inflammation is the body's defense reaction in response to stimulations and is the basis of various physiological and pathological processes. However, chronic inflammation is undesirable and closely related to the occurrence and development of diseases. The ocean gives birth to unique and diverse bioactive substances, which have gained special attention and been a focus for anti-inflammatory drug development. So far, numerous promising bioactive substances have been obtained from various marine organisms such as marine bacteria and fungi, sponges, algae, and coral. This review covers 71 bioactive substances described during 2015-2020, including the structures (65 of which), species sources, evaluation models and anti-inflammatory activities of these substances. This review aims to provide some reference for the research progress of marine-organism-derived anti-inflammatory metabolites and give more research impetus for their conversion to novel anti-inflammatory drugs.

Keywords: anti-inflammatory activity; coral; inflammatory pathways; marine algae; marine bacteria and fungi; natural product; sponge.

Figure 1

Structures of anti-inflammatory peptides from marine bacteria and fungi.

Figure 2

Structures of anti-inflammatory polyketides from marine bacteria and fungi.

Figure 3

Structures of anti-inflammatory phenol derivatives, guaianes, and macrolides from marine bacteria and fungi.

Figure 4

Structures of anti-inflammatory phenazine and saphenic acid derivatives from marine bacteria and fungi.

Figure 5

Structures of anti-inflammatory alkaloids and steroids from marine bacteria and fungi.

Figure 6

Structures of anti-inflammatory peptides from marine sponge.

Figure 7

Structures of anti-inflammatory terpenoids from marine sponge.

Figure 8

Structures of anti-inflammatory alkaloids and phylloketal derivative from marine sponge.

Figure 9

Structures of anti-inflammatory bromophenols and terpenoids from marine algae.

Figure 10

Structures of apo-9′-fucoxanthinone, disulfide and monoolein from marine algae.

Figure 11

Structures of anti-inflammatory terpenoids from marine corals.

Figure 12

Structures of anti-inflammatory terpenoids from marine corals.

Figure 13

Structures of anti-inflammatory cembranes, sterols and polyoxygenated steroids from marine corals.

Figure 14

Structures of anti-inflammatory hirsutocospiro A and glaucumolides A and B from marine corals.