Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2021 Sep 29;11(10):748.
doi: 10.3390/membranes11100748.

Cacao Pod Husk Extract Phenolic Nanopowder-Impregnated Cellulose Acetate Matrix for Biofouling Control in Membranes

Yusuf Wibisono  1   2 , Eka Mustika Diniardi  3 , Dikianur Alvianto  3 , Bambang Dwi Argo  1 , Mochamad Bagus Hermanto  3 , Shinta Rosalia Dewi  1 , Nimatul Izza  1 , Angky Wahyu Putranto  1 , Saiful Saiful  4
Affiliations

Cacao Pod Husk Extract Phenolic Nanopowder-Impregnated Cellulose Acetate Matrix for Biofouling Control in Membranes

Yusuf Wibisono et al. Membranes (Basel). .

Abstract

The ultrafiltration membrane process is widely used for fruit juice clarification, yet the occurring of fouling promotes a decline in process efficiency. To reduce the fouling potential in the membrane application in food processing, the use of natural phenolic compounds extracted from cocoa pod husk is investigated. The cocoa pod husk extract (CPHE) was prepared in phenolic nanoparticles form and added into the polymer solution at varying concentrations of 0.5 wt%, 0.75 wt%, and 1.0 wt%, respectively. The composite membrane was made of a cellulose acetate polymer using DMF (dimethylformamide) and DMAc (dimethylacetamide) solvents. The highest permeability of 2.34 L m-2 h-1 bar-1 was achieved by 1.0 wt% CPHE/CA prepared with the DMAc solvent. CPHE was found to reduce the amount of Escherichia coli attached to the membranes by 90.5% and 70.8% for membranes prepared with DMF and DMAc, respectively. It is concluded that CPHE can be used to control biofouling in the membrane for food applications.

Keywords: biofouling; cacao pod husk extract; cellulose acetate; composite membranes; phenolic nanoparticles.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Crossflow membrane filtration system.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Particle size and distribution of the CPHE phenolic nanopowder.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Average membrane thickness with different membrane variations.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Cross-sectional membrane sheets observed by SEM (2000 × magnification): (a) Pristine CA membrane (DMAc); (b) 1.0 wt% CPHE/CA composite membrane (DMAc); (c) Pristine CA membrane (DMF); and (d) 1.0 wt% CPHE/CA composite membrane (DMF).
Figure 5
Figure 5
Hydrophilicity of the cellulose acetate membrane sheets.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Tensile strength of the cellulose acetate membrane sheets.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Elongation of the membrane sheets.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Pure water flux measured on each membrane.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Escherichiacoli attachment to the membrane surface: (a) Pristine CA membrane (DMAc); (b) 1.0 wt% CPHE/CA composite membrane (DMAc), (c) Pristine CA membrane (DMF) (d) 1.0 wt% CPHE/CA composite membrane (DMF).
Figure 10
Figure 10
Number of bacteria attached to the membrane.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

References

    1. Wibisono Y., Bilad M.R. 3—Design of forward osmosis system. In: Basile A., Cassano A., Rastogi N.K., editors. Current Trends and Future Developments on (Bio-) Membranes. Elsevier; Amsterdam, The Netherlands: 2020. pp. 57–83.
    1. Wibisono Y., Agung Nugroho W., Akbar Devianto L., Adi Sulianto A., Roil Bilad M. Microalgae in Food-Energy-Water Nexus: A Review on Progress of Forward Osmosis Applications. Membranes. 2019;9:166. doi: 10.3390/membranes9120166. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Wibisono Y. Two-Phase Flow for Fouling Control in Membranes. University of Twente; Enschede, The Netherlands: 2014.
    1. Bhattacharjee C., Saxena V.K., Dutta S. Fruit juice processing using membrane technology: A review. Innov. Food Sci. Emerg. Technol. 2017;43:136–153. doi: 10.1016/j.ifset.2017.08.002. - DOI
    1. Baker J.S., Dudley L.Y. Biofouling in membrane systems—A review. Desalination. 1998;118:81–89. doi: 10.1016/S0011-9164(98)00091-5. - DOI

LinkOut - more resources