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. 2021 Oct 14;11(10):786.
doi: 10.3390/membranes11100786.

Quaternized Diaminobutane/Poly(vinyl alcohol) Cross-Linked Membranes for Acid Recovery via Diffusion Dialysis

Muhammad Adnan Ashraf  1 , Atif Islam  1 , Muhammad Arif Butt  2 , Hafiz Abdul Mannan  1 , Rafi Ullah Khan  1 , Kashif Kamran  3 , Shahid Bashir  4 , Javed Iqbal  5 , Ahmed A Al-Ghamdi  6 , Abdullah G Al-Sehemi  7
Affiliations

Quaternized Diaminobutane/Poly(vinyl alcohol) Cross-Linked Membranes for Acid Recovery via Diffusion Dialysis

Muhammad Adnan Ashraf et al. Membranes (Basel). .

Abstract

Diffusion dialysis (DD) using anion exchange membranes (AEM) is an effective process for acid recovery and requires the preparation of suitable materials for AEMs, characterized by unique ions transport properties. In this work, novel AEMs composed of quaternized diaminobutane (QDAB) and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) were cross-linked by tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) via the sol-gel process. The prepared AEMs were systematically characterized by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, ion-exchange capacity (IEC) analysis, thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), water uptake, linear expansion ratio (LER), and mechanical strength determination, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and DD performance analysis for acid recovery using a hydrochloric acid/iron chloride (HCl/FeCl2) aqueous mixture and varying the QDAB content. The prepared AEMs exhibited IEC values between 0.86 and 1.46 mmol/g, water uptake values within 71.3 and 47.8%, moderate thermal stability, tensile strength values in the range of 26.1 to 41.7 MPa, and elongation from 68.2 to 204.6%. The dialysis coefficient values were between 0.0186 and 0.0295 m/h, whereas the separation factors range was 24.7-44.1 at 25 °C. The prepared membranes have great potential for acid recovery via diffusion dialysis.

Keywords: PVA; TEOS cross-linked; acid recovery; anion exchange membrane; diffusion dialysis.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Scheme 1
Scheme 1
Reaction scheme for the preparation of quaternized diaminobutane.
Scheme 2
Scheme 2
Preparation procedure of the QDAB-cross-linked PVA membrane through the sol–gel process with TEOS.
Figure 1
Figure 1
The FTIR spectra of PVA, QDAB, TEOS, and QDAB AEMs.
Figure 2
Figure 2
IEC values of QDAB AEMs.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Water uptake and linear expansion ratio of QDAB/PVA cross-linked membranes.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Thermograms of QDAB/PVA cross-linked AEMs.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Mechanical stability of QDAB/PVA cross-linked AEMs.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Surface morphology of QDAB-30 (a), QDAB-40 (b), QDAB-50 (c), QDAB-60 (d), and QDAB-70 (e) membranes.
Figure 7
Figure 7
(a) Acid dialysis coefficient (UH) in m/h and separation factor (S). (b) Dialysis coefficient of ferrous ion (UFe) in m/h of QDAB/PVP cross-linked AEMs.
Figure 7
Figure 7
(a) Acid dialysis coefficient (UH) in m/h and separation factor (S). (b) Dialysis coefficient of ferrous ion (UFe) in m/h of QDAB/PVP cross-linked AEMs.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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