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. 2021 Oct 13;13(10):724.
doi: 10.3390/toxins13100724.

Simultaneous Determination of Ergot Alkaloids in Swine and Dairy Feeds Using Ultra High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Saranya Poapolathep  1 , Narumol Klangkaew  1 , Zhaowei Zhang  2 , Mario Giorgi  3 , Antonio Francesco Logrieco  4 , Amnart Poapolathep  1   5
Affiliations

Simultaneous Determination of Ergot Alkaloids in Swine and Dairy Feeds Using Ultra High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Saranya Poapolathep et al. Toxins (Basel). .

Abstract

Ergot alkaloids (EAs) are mycotoxins mainly produced by the fungus Claviceps purpurea. EAs are known to affect the nervous system and to be vasoconstrictors in humans and animals. This work presents recent advances in swine and dairy feeds regarding 11 major EAs, namely ergometrine, ergosine, ergotamine, ergocornine, ergocryptine, ergocristine, ergosinine, ergotaminine, ergocorninine, ergocryptinine, and ergocristinine. A reliable, sensitive, and accurate multiple mycotoxin method, based on extraction with a Mycosep 150 multifunctional column prior to analysis using UHPLC-MS/MS, was validated using samples of swine feed (100) and dairy feed (100) for the 11 targeted EAs. Based on the obtained validation results, this method showed good performance recovery and inter-day and intra-day precision that are in accordance with standard criteria to ensure reliable occurrence data on EA contaminants. More than 49% of the swine feed samples were contaminated with EAs, especially ergocryptine(-ine) (40%) and ergosine (-ine) and ergotamine (-ine) (37%). However, many of the 11 EAs were not detectable in any swine feed samples. In addition, there were contaminated (positive) dairy feed samples, especially for ergocryptine (-ine) (50%), ergosine (-ine) (48%), ergotamine (-ine), and ergocristine (-ine) (49%). The mycotoxin levels in the feed samples in this study almost complied with the European Union regulations.

Keywords: UHPLC-MS/MS; dairy feed; ergot alkaloids; swine feed.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Signal suppression/enhancement (%SSE) for 11 ergot alkaloids in matrix-matched calibration.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Extracted ion chromatogram (XIC) of spiked 11 ergot alkaloids at 20 ng/g in swine feed samples.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Extracted ion chromatogram (XIC) of spiked 11 ergot alkaloids at 20 ng/g in dairy feed samples.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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