The Response of Layer Hen Productivity and Egg Quality to an Additional Limestone Source When Offered Diets Differing in Calcium Concentrations and the Inclusion of Phytase

Abstract

Laying hens require substantial quantities of calcium (Ca) to maintain egg production. However, maintaining recommended dietary Ca through inclusion of limestone may impede nutrient digestibility, including that of other minerals. It was hypothesized that providing a separate source of dietary Ca in the form of limestone grit would preserve Ca intake of hens offered diets containing suboptimal Ca concentrations. Furthermore, the impact of dietary phytase at a "superdosing" inclusion rate on the voluntary consumption of limestone grit was evaluated. One hundred and forty-four laying hens (19 weeks of age) were assigned to one of six dietary treatments in a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement comprising three dietary Ca concentrations (40, 30, and 20 g/kg) and ±dietary phytase (3500 FYT/kg diet) on an ad libitum basis for six weeks. Limestone grit (3.4 ± 1.0 mm) was provided to all hens ad libitum. Hens offered diets containing phytase consumed significantly less limestone grit p = 0.024). Egg weight, rate of lay, and egg mass were unaffected by dietary treatment (p > 0.05). Egg shell weight % (p < 0.001), shell thickness (p < 0.001), and shell breaking strength (p < 0.01) decreased in line with dietary Ca levels. In summary, dietary superdosing with phytase reduced the consumption of a separate limestone source in individually housed, early lay ISA Brown hens. Egg shell quality variables but not egg production worsened in line with lower dietary Ca levels.

Keywords: behavior; choice-feeding; feed; matrix; minerals; performance; poultry; selection.

Figure 1

Trendlines of the estimated Ca intake from limestone (grams/hen/day) of hens offered a choice of limestone grit throughout the 6-week experimental period. The data were log-transformed prior to statistical analysis. The data presented here were back-transformed for meaningful visualization (n = 48).

Figure 2

Trendlines visualizing the laying rate that hens of different dietary treatments experienced during the 6-week experimental period (n = 48).

Figure 3

Trendlines visualize the impact and interaction of the calcium level and phytase inclusion of the diet on egg weight during the 6-week experimental period (n = 48).