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Review
. 2021 Oct 14;10(10):1246.
doi: 10.3390/antibiotics10101246.

Ventriculitis: Infection or Inflammation

Mahesh Ramanan  1   2   3   4 , Andrew Shorr  5 , Jeffrey Lipman  3   6   7
Affiliations
Review

Ventriculitis: Infection or Inflammation

Mahesh Ramanan et al. Antibiotics (Basel). .

Abstract

Ventriculitis, or infection of the cerebrospinal fluid, in the presence of external ventricular drains (EVD), is an important complication and associated with substantial mortality, morbidity, and healthcare costs. Further, the conditions that require the insertion of an EVD, such as neurotrauma and subarachnoid hemorrhage, are themselves associated with inflammation of the cerebrospinal fluid. Phenotypically, patients with inflammation of the cerebrospinal fluid can present with very similar symptoms, signs, and laboratory findings to those with infection. This review examines various controversies relating to the definitions, diagnosis, challenges of differentiating infection from inflammation, prevention, and treatment of ventriculitis in patients with EVDs.

Keywords: antibiotics; catheter-related infection; cerebrospinal fluid; neurosurgery; nosocomial infection; ventriculitis; ventriculostomy.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

References

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