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. 2021 Sep 25;12(10):1502.
doi: 10.3390/genes12101502.

Cancer Stem Cell Biomarkers Predictive of Radiotherapy Response in Rectal Cancer: A Systematic Review

Marzia Mare  1   2 , Lorenzo Colarossi  3 , Veronica Veschi  4 , Alice Turdo  5 , Dario Giuffrida  1 , Lorenzo Memeo  3 , Giorgio Stassi  4 , Cristina Colarossi  3
Affiliations

Cancer Stem Cell Biomarkers Predictive of Radiotherapy Response in Rectal Cancer: A Systematic Review

Marzia Mare et al. Genes (Basel). .

Abstract

Background: Rectal cancer (RC) is one of the most commonly diagnosed and particularly challenging tumours to treat due to its location in the pelvis and close proximity to critical genitourinary organs. Radiotherapy (RT) is recognised as a key component of therapeutic strategy to treat RC, promoting the downsizing and downstaging of large RCs in neoadjuvant settings, although its therapeutic effect is limited due to radioresistance. Evidence from experimental and clinical studies indicates that the likelihood of achieving local tumour control by RT depends on the complete eradication of cancer stem cells (CSC), a minority subset of tumour cells with stemness properties.

Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted by querying two scientific databases (Pubmed and Scopus). The search was restricted to papers published from 2009 to 2021.

Results: After assessing the quality and the risk of bias, a total of 11 studies were selected as they mainly focused on biomarkers predictive of RT-response in CSCs isolated from patients affected by RC. Specifically these studies showed that elevated levels of CD133, CD44, ALDH1, Lgr5 and G9a are associated with RT-resistance and poor prognosis.

Conclusions: This review aimed to provide an overview of the current scenario of in vitro and in vivo studies evaluating the biomarkers predictive of RT-response in CSCs derived from RC patients.

Keywords: cancer stem cells; in vitro radiotherapy; neo-adjuvant radiotherapy; organoids; radiosensitivity; rectal cancer (RC).

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Flow chart of study selection strategy.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Risk of bias of the selected studies.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Summary plot of bias of the selected studies as a percentage of the total.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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