Association between Weight Loss and Food Form in Older Individuals Residing in Long-Term Care Facilities: 1-Year Multicenter Longitudinal Study

Akemi Endo¹, Yutaka Watanabe¹, Takae Matsushita¹, Kazutaka Okada¹, Yuki Ohara², Masanori Iwasaki², Kayoko Ito³, Junko Nakajima⁴, Yasuyuki Iwasa⁵, Masataka Itoda⁶, Rikimaru Sasaki⁷, Yasuhiro Nishi⁸, Junichi Furuya⁹, Yoshihiko Watanabe¹⁰, George Umemoto¹¹, Masako Kishima¹², Hirohiko Hirano², Yuji Sato⁹, Mitsuyoshi Yoshida¹³, Yutaka Yamazaki¹

Affiliations

¹ Gerodontology, Department of Oral Health Science, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 060-8586, Japan.
² Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan.
³ Oral Rehabilitation, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, Niigata 951-8520, Japan.
⁴ Department of Oral Medicine and Hospital Dentistry, Tokyo Dental College, Chiba 272-8513, Japan.
⁵ Department of Dentistry, Haradoi Hospital, Fukuoka 813-8588, Japan.
⁶ Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Osaka Dental University Hospital, Osaka 573-1144, Japan.
⁷ Rehabilitation Clinic for Speech and Swallowing Disorders, The Nippon Dental University Hospital, Tokyo 102-8158, Japan.
⁸ Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Prosthodontics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan.
⁹ Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Showa University School of Dentistry, Tokyo 145-8515, Japan.
¹⁰ Department of Healthcare Management, Tohoku Fukushi University, Miyagi 981-8522, Japan.
¹¹ Swallowing Disorders Center, Fukuoka University Hospital, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan.
¹² Wakakusa-Tatsuma Rehabilitation Hospital, Osaka 574-0012, Japan.
¹³ Department of Advanced Prosthodontics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan.

PMID: 34682525
PMCID: PMC8535238
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182010776

Multicenter Study

Association between Weight Loss and Food Form in Older Individuals Residing in Long-Term Care Facilities: 1-Year Multicenter Longitudinal Study

Akemi Endo et al. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021.

. 2021 Oct 14;18(20):10776.

doi: 10.3390/ijerph182010776.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Gerodontology, Department of Oral Health Science, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 060-8586, Japan.
² Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan.
³ Oral Rehabilitation, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, Niigata 951-8520, Japan.
⁴ Department of Oral Medicine and Hospital Dentistry, Tokyo Dental College, Chiba 272-8513, Japan.
⁵ Department of Dentistry, Haradoi Hospital, Fukuoka 813-8588, Japan.
⁶ Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Osaka Dental University Hospital, Osaka 573-1144, Japan.
⁷ Rehabilitation Clinic for Speech and Swallowing Disorders, The Nippon Dental University Hospital, Tokyo 102-8158, Japan.
⁸ Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Prosthodontics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan.
⁹ Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Showa University School of Dentistry, Tokyo 145-8515, Japan.
¹⁰ Department of Healthcare Management, Tohoku Fukushi University, Miyagi 981-8522, Japan.
¹¹ Swallowing Disorders Center, Fukuoka University Hospital, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan.
¹² Wakakusa-Tatsuma Rehabilitation Hospital, Osaka 574-0012, Japan.
¹³ Department of Advanced Prosthodontics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan.

PMID: 34682525
PMCID: PMC8535238
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182010776

Abstract

Changing the food form for older adults requiring nursing care from a regular to dysphagia diet is thought to impact their nutritional status. We assessed the association between changes in food form and weight loss over 1 year in older adults. Older adults residing in long-term care facilities in Japan (n = 455) who participated in the baseline (2018) and follow-up (2019) surveys were divided into two groups (regular diet, n = 284; dysphagia diet, n = 171). The regular diet group was further divided into the weight loss (n = 80; weight loss ≥5% over 1 year) and weight maintenance (n = 204; weight loss <5%) groups. After 1 year, the Barthel Index significantly decreased, and the proportion of participants who switched from a regular diet to a dysphagia diet significantly increased in the weight loss group than in the weight maintenance group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis found that Barthel index variation (odds ratio (OR): 0.97, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.94‒0.99), change from a regular diet to a dysphagia diet (OR: 4.41, 95% CI: 1.87‒10.41), and body weight at baseline (OR = 1.06, 95% CI: 1.01‒1.11) were significantly associated with weight loss. Our results suggest that maintaining the food form inhibits weight loss and improves health outcomes in older adults.

Keywords: food form; long-term care facility; nursing care; oral function; swallowing function; weight loss.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the study design, collection, data analyses, data interpretation, manuscript writing, or result publication.

Figures

**Figure 1**
Flowchart of study participants.

See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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Association between Weight Loss and Food Form in Older Individuals Residing in Long-Term Care Facilities: 1-Year Multicenter Longitudinal Study

Affiliations

Association between Weight Loss and Food Form in Older Individuals Residing in Long-Term Care Facilities: 1-Year Multicenter Longitudinal Study

Authors

Affiliations

Abstract

Conflict of interest statement

Figures

References

Publication types

MeSH terms

LinkOut - more resources

Full Text Sources

Medical