Functional Status and Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients with Peripheral Artery Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a progressive atherosclerotic disease that negatively affects individuals' functional status and health-related quality of life (HRQOL). This study aimed to investigate the HRQOL and associated factors in patients with PAD in Korea. We conducted a cross-sectional study using self-administered questionnaires in a tertiary hospital in Seoul. We measured HRQOL using the EuroQol-5 dimensions-5 levels (EQ-5D-5L) questionnaire and the functional status using a PAD-specific walking impairment questionnaire. We also measured health behavior, social support, walking impairment, general health perceptions, and clinical characteristics; lastly, we performed a descriptive analysis and multiple linear regression analysis. Participants of this study comprised 138 patients (mean age 69.04 ± 10.94 years; men 91.3%). The mean EQ-5D-5L utility score was 0.81 ± 0.17. The patients' HRQOL was significantly associated with claudication pain (β = -0.188, p = 0.012), walking distance (β = 0.371, p < 0.001), and stair climbing (β = 0.315, p = 0.001). The regression model predicted 60.4% of patients' HRQOL (F = 15.92, p < 0.001). Our study showed that less severe claudication pain and a low degree of difficulty in walking distance and stair climbing were significantly related to better HRQOL. To enhance patients' HRQOL, health professionals should focus on managing symptoms and improving functional status.

Keywords: EQ-5D-5L; functional status; health-related quality of life; peripheral artery disease.

Figure 1

Correlation between influencing factors and HRQOL. Note: HRQOL, health-related quality of life; PAD, peripheral artery disease; * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.001.