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Review
. 2021 Oct 18;11(10):2761.
doi: 10.3390/nano11102761.

Encapsulation of Dyes in Luminescent Metal-Organic Frameworks for White Light Emitting Diodes

Zhihong Sun  1 , Aaqib Khurshid  2 , Muhammad Sohail  2 , Weidong Qiu  1 , Derong Cao  1 , Shi-Jian Su  1
Affiliations
Review

Encapsulation of Dyes in Luminescent Metal-Organic Frameworks for White Light Emitting Diodes

Zhihong Sun et al. Nanomaterials (Basel). .

Abstract

The development of white light emitting diodes (WLEDs) holds great promise for replacing traditional lighting devices due to high efficiency, low energy consumption and long lifetime. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with a wide range of luminescent behaviors are ideal candidates to produce white light emission in the phosphor-converted WLEDs. Encapsulation of emissive organic dyes is a simple way to obtain luminescent MOFs. In this review, we summarize the recent progress on the design and constructions of dye encapsulated luminescent MOFs phosphors. Different strategies are highlighted where white light emitting phosphors were obtained by combining fluorescent dyes with metal ions and linkers.

Keywords: luminescence; metal–organic frameworks; organic dye; white light emitting diodes.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
(a) Schematic representation of the incorporation of multicomponent dyes in an anionic MOF; (b) structures of cationic dyes. (Reproduced with permission from ref. [40]. Copyright © 2020, American Chemical Society).
Figure 2
Figure 2
(a) γ-CD and formation of CD-MOF; (b) structure of FL; (c) structure of RhB; (d) fluorescence emission spectrum of CD-MOF⊃7-HCm; (e) fluorescence emission spectrum of CD-MOF⊃7-HCm@FL@RhB under an excitation wavelength of 365 nm. (Reproduced with permission from ref. [41]. Copyright © 2019, American Chemical Society).
Figure 3
Figure 3
(a) Model 1 (multiphase single-shell dye@ZIF-8), Model 2 (single-phase single-shell dyes@ZIF-8), and Model 3 (single-phase multi-shell dyes@ZIF-8); (b) CIE coordinates of C-151&F&RB@ZIF-82 with different concentrations of dyes at λex = 365 nm; (c) CIE chromaticity coordinates of C-151@ZIF-82@F@ZIF-82@RB@ZIF-82 with different concentrations of RB. (Reproduced with permission from ref. [44]. Copyright © 2019, American Chemical Society).
Figure 4
Figure 4
(a) Schematic synthesis of HSB-W1⊃R/G/B Dyes. (b) The CIE coordinates of HSB-W1⊃DCM (DCM, 0.31 wt%), HSB-W1⊃C6 (C6, 0.04 wt%), and HSB-W1⊃CBS-127 (CBS-127, 0.03 wt%) (λex = 365 nm). (Reproduced with permission from ref. [51]. Copyright © 2019 Wiley—VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim).
Figure 5
Figure 5
(a) Schematic illustration of OPA and TPA dual-way excited white-light emission in dye@LIFM-WZ-6; (b) TPEF spectra and CIE coordinate values of RhB+@LIFM-WZ-6 (0.05 wt%); (c) TPEF spectra and CIE coordinate values of BR-2+@LIFM-WZ-6 (1 wt%); (d) TPEF spectra and CIE coordinate values of APFG+ @LIFM-WZ-6 (0.05 wt%). (Reproduced with permission from ref. [42]. Copyright © 2019 Wiley—VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim).
Figure 6
Figure 6
(a) Representation of luminescent MOFs based SSS. (b) Excited-state proton transfer enol and keto tautomer behavior of dyes. (c) Structure of organic linkers. (d) Solid-state emission of MOF with 10%-R, 10%-G and 10%-B peaks centered at 430, 510, and 630 nm. (Reproduced with permission from ref. [58]. Copyright © 2019, American Chemical Society).
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