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Review
. 2021 Nov;39(4):539-549.
doi: 10.1016/j.ccl.2021.06.007.

Risk Stratification and Management of Extracranial Carotid Artery Disease

Anna K Krawisz  1 , Brett J Carroll  2 , Eric A Secemsky  3
Affiliations
Review

Risk Stratification and Management of Extracranial Carotid Artery Disease

Anna K Krawisz et al. Cardiol Clin. 2021 Nov.

Abstract

Stroke is the fifth leading cause of death in the United States and is a leading cause of disability. Extracranial internal carotid artery stenosis is a major cause of ischemic stroke, as it is estimated to cause 8% to 15% of ischemic strokes. It is critical to improve our strategies for stroke prevention and treatment in order to reduce the burden of this disease. Herein, we review approaches for the diagnosis and risk stratification of carotid artery disease as well as interventional strategies for the prevention and treatment of strokes caused by carotid artery disease.

Keywords: Atherosclerosis; Carotid artery stenosis; Carotid artery stenting; Carotid endarterectomy; Stroke.

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Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.. Carotid duplex ultrasound and computed tomography angiography of severe stenosis in the left internal carotid artery.
A. Carotid duplex ultrasound doppler image of the left internal carotid artery showing a peak systolic velocity of 230.1 cm/sec consistent with severe carotid artery stenosis. B. Computed tomography angiography image of the same lesion revealing approximately 80% stenosis in the left internal carotid artery.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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