Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2022 Mar;29(12):18245-18258.
doi: 10.1007/s11356-021-17069-2. Epub 2021 Oct 23.

Ecotoxicity in Hyriopsis bialatus of copper and zinc biocides used in metal-based antifouling paints

Antonia Concetta Elia #  1 , Gabriele Magara #  1 , Paolo Pastorino  2 , Annalisa Zaccaroni  3 , Barbara Caldaroni  1 , Rebecca Andreini  3 , Marzia Righetti  4 , Marina Silvi  3 , Ambrosius Josef Martin Dörr  1 , Marino Prearo  4
Affiliations

Ecotoxicity in Hyriopsis bialatus of copper and zinc biocides used in metal-based antifouling paints

Antonia Concetta Elia et al. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2022 Mar.

Abstract

Biofouling is a costly burden for the shipping industry. Metal-based antifouling paints are widely used to protect submerged surfaces, but the release of metals from coatings and the recoating of hulls can leach large amounts of copper and zinc into aquatic environments, posing a risk for aquatic ecosystems and biodiversity. With this study, we studied the time-course metal accumulation and oxidative stress in the digestive gland and the gills of Hyriopsis bialatus, an Asian freshwater mussel, exposed to sublethal concentrations of cuprous chloride (50 and 5 µg/L) and zinc sulfate (1000 and 100 µg/L). Time-dependent accumulation was observed after exposure to copper, but zinc uptake was negligible. Integrated biomarker response (IBRv2) and statistical analysis of individual biomarker levels showed a greater biomarker response in the digestive gland and the gills after exposure to the higher concentration of CuCl and ZnSO4. Both compounds elicited a biochemical response, especially in the digestive gland. Glutathione peroxidase activity was increased after exposure to both metals at both concentrations, suggesting a powerful defense against lipid peroxidation. The biological impact of zinc was less than that of copper, suggesting mitigated ecological pressure.

Keywords: Cuprous chloride; Ecotoxicity; Oxidative stress biomarkers; Pearl mussel; Tissues; Zinc sulfate.

PubMed Disclaimer

References

    1. Alzieu C, Thibaud Y, Heral M, Boutier B (1980) Evaluation des risques dus a l’emploi des peintures anti-salissures dansales zones conchylicoles. Rev. des Trav. l’Institut des Pech. Marit 44:305–348
    1. Amara I, Miled W, Slama RB, Ladhari N (2018) Antifouling processes and toxicity effects of antifouling paints on marine environment. A review. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 57:115–130
    1. Antizar-Ladislao B (2008) Environmental levels, toxicity and human exposure to tributyltin (TBT)-contaminated marine environment. A review. Environ Int 34:292–308
    1. Beliaeff B, Burgeot T (2002) Integrated biomarker response: a useful tool for ecological risk assessment. Environ Toxicol Chem 21:1316–1322
    1. Bellas J, Granmo K, Beiras R (2005) Embryotoxicity of the antifouling biocide zinc pyrithione to sea urchin (Paracentrotus lividus) and mussel (Mytilus edulis). Mar Pollut Bull 50:1382–1385

LinkOut - more resources