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. 2021 Oct 25;11(10):e053992.
doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-053992.

Health and social interventions to restore physical function of older adults post-hip fracture: a scoping review

Abeer Omar  1 , Alexia Cumal  2   3 , Shirin Vellani  2   4 , Alexandra Krassikova  2   5 , Julie Lapenskie  6   7 , Melanie Bayly  8 , Vivian A Welch  6   9 , Elizabeth Ghogomu  6 , Andrea Iaboni  2   10 , Katherine S McGilton  2   3
Affiliations

Health and social interventions to restore physical function of older adults post-hip fracture: a scoping review

Abeer Omar et al. BMJ Open. .

Abstract

Objectives: Despite inpatient rehabilitation, many older adults post-hip fracture have difficulty returning to their prefracture levels of function and activity. This scoping review aims to identify interventions for community-dwelling older adults discharged from inpatient rehabilitation and examine the function and activity outcomes associated with these interventions.

Design: This scoping review followed Arksey and O'Malley's five-stage framework.

Data sources: We searched MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, EMBASE and Ageline electronic databases for English-language articles published between January 1946 and January 2020.

Eligibility criteria: We included studies with health and social interventions involving community-dwelling older adults and their caregivers after hip fracture and inpatient rehabilitation. The interventions were selected if initiated within 60 days post-hip fracture surgery.

Data extraction and synthesis: Two independent reviewers screened abstracts and full texts and extracted the data based on the inclusion criteria. A third reviewer adjudicated any disagreement and collated the extracted data.

Results: Of the 24 studies included in the review, most studies (79%) used exercise-based interventions, over half (63%) included activities of daily living training and/or home assessment and environment modification as intervention components, and three studies used social intervention components. Over half of the interventions (58%) were initiated in the inpatient setting and physiotherapists provided 83% of the interventions. Only seven studies (29%) involved tailored interventions based on the older adults' unique needs and progress in exercise training. Six studies (25%) enrolled patients with cognitive impairment, and only one study examined caregiver-related outcomes. Exercise-based interventions led to improved function and activity outcomes. 29 different outcome measures were reported.

Conclusion: While exercise-based multicomponent interventions have evidence for improving outcomes in this population, there is a paucity of studies, including social interventions. Further, studies with standardised outcome measures are needed, particularly focusing on supporting caregivers and the recovery of older adults with cognitive impairment.

Keywords: geriatric medicine; hip; rehabilitation medicine.

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Conflict of interest statement

Competing interests: None declared.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
PRISMA flow diagram. PRISMA, Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses.
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