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. 2021 Sep 22;13(9):e18195.
doi: 10.7759/cureus.18195. eCollection 2021 Sep.

Expression of Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 in Gastric Cancer

Prathipaa R  1 , Priyathersini N  2 , Thanka J  3
Affiliations

Expression of Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 in Gastric Cancer

Prathipaa R et al. Cureus. .

Abstract

Background Matrix-metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) is expressed by a wide range of cells and plays a significant role in the regulation of the tumor microenvironment of various cancers including gastric cancer. This study aims at the correlation of MMP-9 expression in gastric cancer with existing prognostic factors. Methods The MMP-9 expression in gastric cancer was identified by immunohistochemistry using a monoclonal antibody in paraffin-embedded sections, correlated with various clinicopathological parameters, and statistically analyzed. Results MMP-9 expression in gastric cancer was significantly correlated with the grade, depth of invasion, and TNM stage (p-value = 0.003, 0.019, and 0.025, respectively). A significant difference in expression between tumor tissue and adjacent gastric mucosa (p-value = 0.000) was also observed. 100% negative expression was found in well-differentiated tumors and early gastric carcinoma (T1). Conclusion The study results suggest that MMP-9 expression could be a potential biomarker of aggressive gastric cancer and candidates for the possible diagnostic and prognostic tool.

Keywords: biomarker; collagenase; gastric cancer; matrix-metalloproteinase; mmp-9.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression in control, normal gastric mucosa, and gastric cancer
(A) Control - bone marrow biopsy showing positive MMP-9 cytoplasmic and nuclear staining of hematopoietic cells, (B) normal gastric mucosa adjacent to tumor tissue show negative staining of MMP-9, (C) moderately differentiated gastric carcinoma with tumor cells showing positive MMP-9 cytoplasmic staining, (D) poorly differentiated gastric carcinoma with tumor cells showing positive MMP-9 cytoplasmic staining.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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