Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2021 Oct 28;16(10):e0258967.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258967. eCollection 2021.

Incidence, risk factors, and feto-maternal outcomes of inappropriate birth weight for gestational age among singleton live births in Qatar: A population-based study

Salma Younes  1 , Muthanna Samara  2 , Noor Salama  3   4 , Rana Al-Jurf  5 , Gheyath Nasrallah  6 , Sawsan Al-Obaidly  7 , Husam Salama  8 , Tawa Olukade  8 , Sara Hammuda  2 , Ghassan Abdoh  8 , Palli Valapila Abdulrouf  1   9 , Thomas Farrell  1   7 , Mai AlQubaisi  8 , Hilal Al Rifai  8 , Nader Al-Dewik  5   10   11   12
Affiliations

Incidence, risk factors, and feto-maternal outcomes of inappropriate birth weight for gestational age among singleton live births in Qatar: A population-based study

Salma Younes et al. PLoS One. .

Abstract

Background: Abnormal fetal growth can be associated with factors during pregnancy and at postpartum.

Objective: In this study, we aimed to assess the incidence, risk factors, and feto-maternal outcomes associated with small-for-gestational age (SGA) and large-for-gestational age (LGA) infants.

Methods: We performed a population-based retrospective study on 14,641 singleton live births registered in the PEARL-Peristat Study between April 2017 and March 2018 in Qatar. We estimated the incidence and examined the risk factors and outcomes using univariate and multivariate analysis.

Results: SGA and LGA incidence rates were 6.0% and 15.6%, respectively. In-hospital mortality among SGA and LGA infants was 2.5% and 0.3%, respectively, while for NICU admission or death in labor room and operation theatre was 28.9% and 14.9% respectively. Preterm babies were more likely to be born SGA (aRR, 2.31; 95% CI, 1.45-3.57) but male infants (aRR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.4-0.81), those born to parous (aRR 0.66; 95% CI, 0.45-0.93), or overweight (aRR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.42-0.97) mothers were less likely to be born SGA. On the other hand, males (aRR, 1.82; 95% CI, 1.49-2.19), infants born to parous mothers (aRR 2.16; 95% CI, 1.63-2.82), or to mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus (aRR 1.36; 95% CI, 1.11-1.66), or pre-gestational diabetes mellitus (aRR 2.58; 95% CI, 1.8-3.47) were significantly more likely to be LGA. SGA infants were at high risk of in-hospital mortality (aRR, 226.56; 95% CI, 3.47-318.22), neonatal intensive care unit admission or death in labor room or operation theatre (aRR, 2.14 (1.36-3.22).

Conclusion: Monitoring should be coordinated to alleviate the risks of inappropriate fetal growth and the associated adverse consequences.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Figures

Fig 1
Fig 1. Kaplan-Meier curves assessing differences in medians, among the three groups (AGA, SGA and LGA) for the outcomes during the course of 24–40 weeks of gestation.
(A) Apgar score, (B) NICU/death in LR/OT, and (C) in-hospital mortality.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. World Health Organization. (‎2004)‎. ICD-10: international statistical classification of diseases and related health problems: tenth revision, 2nd ed. World Health Organization. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/42980.
    1. Sochet AA, Ayers M, Quezada E, et al. The importance of small for gestational age in the risk assessment of infants with critical congenital heart disease. Cardiol Young. 2013;23:896–904. doi: 10.1017/S1047951113001960 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Cunningham FG, Leveno KJ, Bloom SL, Hauth JC, Rouse DJ, Spong CY. Williams Obstetrics. 23 ed. New York: McGraw–Hill; 2010.
    1. Ruiz M, Goldblatt P, Morrison J, Kukla L, Švancara J, Riitta-Järvelin M, et al. Mother’s education and the risk of preterm and small for gestational age birth: a DRIVERS meta-analysis of 12 European cohorts. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2015;69(9):826–33. doi: 10.1136/jech-2014-205387 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Henriksen T. The macrosomic fetus: a challenge in current obstetrics. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2008;87(2):134–45. doi: 10.1080/00016340801899289 - DOI - PubMed

Publication types