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Observational Study
. 2022 Aug;56(16):913-918.
doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2021-104644. Epub 2021 Nov 1.

Prevalence and clinical implications of persistent or exertional cardiopulmonary symptoms following SARS-CoV-2 infection in 3597 collegiate athletes: a study from the Outcomes Registry for Cardiac Conditions in Athletes (ORCCA)

Bradley J Petek #  1 , Nathaniel Moulson #  1   2 , Aaron L Baggish  2 , Stephanie A Kliethermes  3 , Manesh R Patel  4 , Timothy W Churchill  2 , Kimberly G Harmon #  5 , Jonathan A Drezner #  6 ; ORCCA Investigators
Collaborators, Affiliations
Observational Study

Prevalence and clinical implications of persistent or exertional cardiopulmonary symptoms following SARS-CoV-2 infection in 3597 collegiate athletes: a study from the Outcomes Registry for Cardiac Conditions in Athletes (ORCCA)

Bradley J Petek et al. Br J Sports Med. 2022 Aug.

Abstract

Objective: To assess the prevalence and clinical implications of persistent or exertional cardiopulmonary symptoms in young competitive athletes following SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Methods: This observational cohort study from the Outcomes Registry for Cardiac Conditions in Athletes included 3597 US collegiate athletes after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Clinical characteristics, advanced diagnostic testing and SARS-CoV-2-associated sequelae were compared between athletes with persistent symptoms >3 weeks, exertional symptoms on return to exercise and those without persistent or exertional symptoms.

Results: Among 3597 athletes (mean age 20 years (SD, 1 year), 34% female), data on persistent and exertional symptoms were reported in 3529 and 3393 athletes, respectively. Persistent symptoms >3 weeks were present in 44/3529 (1.2%) athletes with 2/3529 (0.06%) reporting symptoms >12 weeks. Exertional cardiopulmonary symptoms were present in 137/3393 (4.0%) athletes. Clinical evaluation and diagnostic testing led to the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2-associated sequelae in 12/137 (8.8%) athletes with exertional symptoms (five cardiac involvement, two pneumonia, two inappropriate sinus tachycardia, two postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome and one pleural effusion). No SARS-CoV-2-associated sequelae were identified in athletes with isolated persistent symptoms. Of athletes with chest pain on return to exercise who underwent cardiac MRI (CMR), 5/24 (20.8%) had probable or definite cardiac involvement. In contrast, no athlete with exertional symptoms without chest pain who underwent CMR (0/20) was diagnosed with probable or definite SARS-CoV-2 cardiac involvement.

Conclusion: Collegiate athletes with SARS-CoV-2 infection have a low prevalence of persistent or exertional symptoms on return to exercise. Exertional cardiopulmonary symptoms, specifically chest pain, warrant a comprehensive evaluation.

Keywords: Covid-19; sports.

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Conflict of interest statement

Competing interests: JAD is Editor-in-Chief of BJSM and KGH is a Deputy Editor of BJSM. ALB has received funding from the National Institute of Health/ National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), the National Football Players Association, and the American Heart Association and receives compensation for his role as team cardiologist from the US Olympic Committee / US Olympic Training Centers, US Soccer, US Rowing, the New England Patriots, the Boston Bruins, the New England Revolution, and Harvard University. KGH has stock options for 98point6 for which she is also on the medical advisory board. MRP is on the Advisory Board for: Amgen, Bayer, Janssen, Heartflow, Medscape, and has research grant funding from NHLBI, Bayer, Janssen, Heartflow, Idorsia. and the Joel Cournette Foundation for research on athlete’s hearts.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Study cohort and inclusion.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Duration of symptoms for athletes with persistent symptoms. *Denotes athletes with ongoing symptoms on last follow-up. ∧Denotes athletes with exertional cardiopulmonary symptoms on return to exercise.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Symptom burden for athletes with persistent symptoms (A) and exertional cardiopulmonary symptoms. On return to exercise (B). *Persistent symptom type available for 40/44 (91%) athletes. SOB, shortness of breath.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Results from advanced diagnostic testing for athletes with exertional cardiopulmonary symptoms on return to exercise. CMR, cardiac MRI; CPET, cardiopulmonary exercise testing; CTA, CT angiography; CT-PE, CT pulmonary embolism; CXR, chest X-ray.
Figure 5
Figure 5
SARS-CoV-2-associated clinical sequelae in athletes with exertional cardiopulmonary symptoms on return to exercise stratified by symptom type. POTS, postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome; SOB, shortness of breath; w/, with; w/o, without.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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