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. 2022 Jan 13;72(1):35-42.
doi: 10.1093/occmed/kqab148.

Potential risk factors associated with COVID-19 in health care workers

V Spilchuk  1   2 , V H Arrandale  3   4 , J Armstrong  2
Affiliations

Potential risk factors associated with COVID-19 in health care workers

V Spilchuk et al. Occup Med (Lond). .

Abstract

Background: Health care workers (HCWs) have been recognized as being at higher risk for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection; however, relevant factors and magnitude have not been clearly elucidated.

Aim: This study was aimed to describe COVID-19 infections among hospital employees at a large tertiary care hospital located in Ontario, Canada from March to July 2020, towards better understanding potential risk factors.

Methods: Data on all HCWs with either a positive COVID test or a high-risk exposure from March to July 2020 were analyzed. HCWs with positive COVID test results and high-risk exposures were described. Those who developed COVID-19 following high-risk exposure were compared to those who did not. Data were also analyzed to determine trends over time.

Results: Over the period of observation, 193 staff (2% of total working staff) had a positive COVID-19 test. Incidence of HCW infections closely followed community incidence. Overall, 31% of COVID-19 cases were deemed occupationally acquired. Of these, 41% were acquired from a patient, with the remainder (59%) from fellow staff. Over the same period, 204 staff were identified as having a high-risk exposure. The majority of exposures (55%) were patient-associated, with the remaining (45%) resulting from staff-to-staff contact. Overall, 13% went on to develop COVID-19. Of these cases, 58% were patient-associated and 42% were a result of staff-to-staff transmission.

Conclusions: HCWs are at risk for work-related COVID-19. Given the number of infections attributed to staff-staff transmission, greater attention could be paid to implementing prevention measures in non-clinical areas.

Keywords: COVID-19; SARS nCoV2; health care workers; occupational disease.

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Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
The epidemiological curve of COVID-19 test positivity in Mississauga, Ontario (community, shown in blue) and a multisite tertiary care hospital (THP, shown in green) during the first wave of COVID-19 (25 February–28 July 2020). Figure also shows associated masking policy changes over time [19].
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Adapted hierarchy of controls for controlling COVID-19 in non-clinical areas of a health care setting [29].
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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