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. 2021 Nov 5;21(1):387.
doi: 10.1186/s12886-021-02132-w.

Topical NSAIDs, intravitreal dexamethasone and peribulbar triamcinolone for pseudophakic macular edema

Javier Obis  1 , Luis Arias  2 , Daniel Lorenzo  2 , Noel Padron-Perez  2 , Pere Garcia-Bru  2 , Estefania Cobos  2 , Rahul Morwani  2 , Jose Caminal  2
Affiliations

Topical NSAIDs, intravitreal dexamethasone and peribulbar triamcinolone for pseudophakic macular edema

Javier Obis et al. BMC Ophthalmol. .

Abstract

Background: The purpose of this study is to assess the effectiveness of topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and corticosteroids (intravitreal dexamethasone and peribulbar triamcinolone) in treating pseudophakic macular edema (PME).

Methods: Retrospective study of 33 eyes. Variables included best corrected visual acuity (BCVA; logMAR scale) and central retinal thickness (CRT) and central choroidal thickness (CCT) assessed with swept-source OCT. All patients were initially prescribed topical NSAIDs and reevaluated after 2 months. If improvement in BCVA or CRT was noted, topical NSAIDs were continued until resolution. If no improvement was observed at 2 months or subsequent visits, intravitreal dexamethasone implant was performed. Patients who refused intravitreal treatment were offered peribulbar triamcinolone.

Results: After treatment with topical NSAIDs for a median of 2 months, BCVA increased significantly from 0.5 to 0.3 while CRT decreased significantly from 435 to 316 μm. PME resolved in 19 of the 33 eyes (57.6%). Of the 14 recalcitrant cases, 13 were treated with corticosteroids. Of these 13 cases, 9 (69.2%) resolved. BCVA increased non-significantly from 0.7 to 0.4. CRT and CCT decreased significantly from 492 to 317 μm and from 204 to 182 μm respectively.

Conclusions: The overall success rate of the treatment algorithm was greater than 80%, a remarkable finding considering that no randomized study has yet been conducted to determine the optimal therapeutic protocol for PME. This is the first study to evaluate choroidal thickness in PME using SS-OCT, which could play a key role in its pathophysiology and provide useful information to improve the management of PME.

Keywords: Central choroidal thickness; Central retinal thickness; Intravitreal dexamethasone; Peribulbar triamcinolone; Pseudophakic macular edema / Irvine Gass syndrome; Topical NSAIDs.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Treatment algorithm and flow chart. The number of patients who received each treatment and the number of cases in which the edema resolved or persisted are shown
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
SS-OCT scans of a patient who received intravitreal dexamethasone implant (IDI) after suboptimal response to topical NSAIDs. a Baseline scan. BCVA: 0.6 logMAR, CRT: 483 μm, CCT: 267 μm. b Scan after 2 months of topical NSAIDs. BCVA remained unchanged (0.6 logMAR), CRT decreased to 471 μm, CCT was 269 μm. Since BCVA had not improved and CRT had improved scarcely and macular edema persisted, IDI was administered. c SS-OCT scan at 12 months post-IDI. BCVA improved to 0.4 logMAR, CRT decreased to 335 μm, macular edema was resolved, and CCT decreased to 227 μm. Disruption of external retinal layers can be observed. No drusen were found in funduscopy
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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