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Comment
. 2022 Mar;84(3):418-467.
doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2021.10.026. Epub 2021 Nov 2.

Evolution of SARS-CoV-2 immune responses in nursing home residents following full dose of the Comirnaty® COVID-19 vaccine

Estela Giménez  1 , Juan Alberola  2 , Ignacio Torres  1 , Eliseo Albert  1 , María Jesús Alcaraz  1 , Pilar Botija  3 , Paula Amat  4 , María José Remigia  4 , María José Beltrán  5 , Celia Rodado  6 , Dixie Huntley  1 , Beatriz Olea  1 , David Navarro  7
Affiliations
Comment

Evolution of SARS-CoV-2 immune responses in nursing home residents following full dose of the Comirnaty® COVID-19 vaccine

Estela Giménez et al. J Infect. 2022 Mar.
No abstract available

Keywords: Comirnaty® COVID-19 vaccine; Nursing home residents; SARS-CoV-2; SARS-CoV-2-S T cells; SARS-CoV-2-S antibodies.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Fig 1
Fig. 1
(A) SARS-CoV-2-S (RBD) plasma antibody (IgG and IgM) levels as measured by Roche Elecsys® Anti-SARS-CoV-2-S immunoassay in nursing home residents with (recovered) or without (naïve) documented prior SARS-CoV-2 infection at baseline (median, 17.5 days) and follow-up (median, 195 days) after complete Comirnaty® COVID-19 vaccination. The limit of detection of the assay is 0.4 IU/ml and its quantification range is between 0.8 and 250 IU/ml. Plasma specimens were further diluted (1/10) for antibody quantitation when appropriate. The assay is calibrated with the first WHO International Standard and Reference Panel for anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody. Bars represent median levels. Differences between medians were compared using the Mann–Whitney U-test or Wilcoxon test for unpaired and paired data, when appropriate. (B) Individual kinetics of SARS-CoV-2-S (RBD) plasma antibodies in recovered and naïve nursing home residents. P-values for comparisons are shown (ns; not significant). Two-sided exact P-values were reported. A P-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The analyses were performed using SPSS version 20.0 (SPSS, Chicago, IL, USA).
Fig 2
Fig. 2
SARS-CoV-2-S-reactive IFN-γ-producing T cell levels in SARS-CoV-2 naïve and or recovered nursing home residents measured at baseline (median, 17.5 days) and follow-up (median, 195 days) after complete Comirnaty® COVID-19 vaccination. Briefly, heparinized whole blood (0.5  ml) was simultaneously stimulated for 6  h with two sets of 15‐mer overlapping peptides (11‐mer overlap) encompassing the SARS‐CoV‐2 Spike (S) glycoprotein (S1, 158 peptides and S2, 157 peptides) at a concentration of 1  μg/ml per peptide, in the presence of 1 μg/ml of costimulatory monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to CD28 and CD49d. Peptide mixes were obtained from JPT peptide Technologies GmbH (Berlin, Germany). Samples mock-stimulated with phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS)/dimethyl sulfoxide and costimulatory antibodies were run in parallel. Brefeldin A (10  μg/ml) was added for the last 4  h of incubation. Blood was then lysed (BD FACS lysing solution) and frozen at -80 °C until tested. On the day of testing, stimulated blood was thawed at 37 °C, washed, permeabilized (BD permeabilizing solution) and stained with a combination of labeled mAbs (anti‐IFNγ‐FITC, anti‐CD4‐PE, anti‐CD8‐PerCP‐Cy5.5, and anti‐CD3‐APC) for 1  h at room temperature. Appropriate positive (phytohemagglutinin) and isotype controls were used. Cells were then washed, resuspended in 200  μL of 1% paraformaldehyde in PBS, and analyzed within 2  h on an FACSCanto flow cytometer using DIVA v8 software (BD Biosciences Immunocytometry Systems, San Jose, CA). CD3+/CD8+ or CD3+/CD4+ events were gated and then analyzed for IFN‐γ production. All data were corrected for background IFN-γ production (FITC-labelled isotype control antibody) and expressed as a percentage of total CD8+ or CD4+ T cells. (A) Individual kinetics for SARS-CoV-2-S-reactive IFN-γ CD8+ T cells. (B) Individual kinetics for SARS-CoV-2-S-reactive IFN-γ CD4+ T cells. (C) Frequencies of SARS-CoV-2-S-reactive IFN-γ CD8+ and CD4+ T cells in nursing home residents with detectable responses at both baseline and follow-up. T cells. P-values for comparisons are shown (ns; not significant).
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