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. 2021 Oct 31:2021:3425560.
doi: 10.1155/2021/3425560. eCollection 2021.

Association of Inflammatory Markers/Cytokines with Cardiovascular Risk Manifestation in Patients with Endometriosis

Uzma Rafi  1   2 , Shaaf Ahmad  3 , Syeda Shazia Bokhari  1   2 , Muhammad Amir Iqbal  1 , Amna Zia  4 , Muhammad Amjad Khan  2 , Nabila Roohi  1
Affiliations

Association of Inflammatory Markers/Cytokines with Cardiovascular Risk Manifestation in Patients with Endometriosis

Uzma Rafi et al. Mediators Inflamm. .

Abstract

This study is aimed at determining the association of inflammatory markers and proinflammatory cytokines with cardiovascular risk manifestation in women with endometriosis as compared to healthy controls. A total of 181 females of reproductive age with the absence of other inflammatory or autoimmune disorders and a lack of hormonal therapy for at least 6 months voluntarily participated in this investigation. Patients were 81 females, laparoscopically diagnosed with endometriosis, while the control group comprised 80 healthy females without any pelvic pathology. All subjects were 20-40 years of age. Exclusion criteria were diabetes, obesity, hypertension, metabolic diseases, cardiovascular, and renal disorders. C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, homocysteine, interleukin-17, and interleukin-33 were analyzed using commercially available ELISA kits. For statistical interpretation, the unpaired Student "t" test was used. All inflammatory markers and cytokines demonstrated elevated levels (P < 0.001) in endometriosis patients as compared to healthy controls. The results of the study revealed that the patients with endometriosis demonstrate a hypercoagulable status due to inflammation, which initiates atherosclerosis and associated complications. Hence, endometriosis can cause a risk of cardiovascular disorders in these patients.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Average concentration of C-reactive protein (CRP) in control subjects and patients. ∗∗∗ indicates significance at P < 0.001.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Average concentration of fibrinogen in control subjects and patients. ∗∗∗ indicates significance at P < 0.001.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Average concentration of homocysteine (Hcy) in control subjects and patients. ∗∗∗ indicates significance at P < 0.001.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Average concentration of interleukin-17 (IL-17) in control and patients. ∗∗∗ indicates significance at P < 0.001.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Average concentration of interleukin-33 (IL-33) in control and patients. ∗∗∗ indicates significance at P < 0.001.
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