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Review
. 2021 Sep 20;9(11):6421-6428.
doi: 10.1002/fsn3.2595. eCollection 2021 Nov.

Nutritional and ethnomedicinal scenario of koumiss: A concurrent review

Muhammad Afzaal  1 , Farhan Saeed  1 , Fatima Anjum  2 , Numra Waris  1 , Muzzamal Husaain  1 , Ali Ikram  1 , Huda Ateeq  1 , Faqir Muhammad Anjum  3 , Hafiz Suleria  4
Affiliations
Review

Nutritional and ethnomedicinal scenario of koumiss: A concurrent review

Muhammad Afzaal et al. Food Sci Nutr. .

Abstract

Fermented foods are an essential source of nutrition for the communities living in developing areas of the world. Additionally, traditional fermented products are a rich source of various bioactive components. Experimental research regarding the functional exploration of these products is a way forward for better human health. Among fermented foods, Koumiss is rich in vitamins especially vitamin C and minerals, i.e., phosphorus and calcium. In addition, it is also rich in vitamins A, E, B2, B12, and pantothenic acid. High concentrations of lactose in milk favor bacterial fermentation, as the original cultures decompose it into lactic acid. Koumiss contains essential fatty acids such as linoleic and linolenic acid. Koumiss offers many health benefits including boosting the immune system and maintains blood pressure, good effect on the kidneys, endocrine glands, gut system, liver, and nervous and vascular system. The rich microflora from the fermented product has a pivotal role in maintaining gut health and treating various digestive diseases. The core focus of the current review paper is to highlight the nutritional and therapeutic potential, i.e., anticarcinogenic, hypocholesterolemia effect, antioxidative properties, antibacterial properties, antibacterial spectrum, intestinal enlargement, and β-galactosidase activity, of Koumiss as a traditional fermented product. Moreover, history and production technology of the Koumiss are also the main part of this review paper.

Keywords: fermented products; koumiss; mare milk; nutritional properties; therapeutic potential.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they do not have any conflict of interest.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Production technology of Koumiss
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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