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. 2021 Oct 29;10(21):5074.
doi: 10.3390/jcm10215074.

Gut Microbiome in Chronic Coronary Syndrome Patients

Emilia Sawicka-Smiarowska  1   2 , Kinga Bondarczuk  3 , Witold Bauer  4 , Magdalena Niemira  4 , Anna Szalkowska  4 , Justyna Raczkowska  4 , Miroslaw Kwasniewski  3 , Ewa Tarasiuk  2 , Marlena Dubatowka  1 , Magda Lapinska  1 , Malgorzata Szpakowicz  1 , Zofia Stachurska  1 , Anna Szpakowicz  2 , Pawel Sowa  1 , Andrzej Raczkowski  1 , Marcin Kondraciuk  1 , Magdalena Gierej  1 , Joanna Motyka  1 , Jacek Jamiolkowski  1 , Mateusz Bondarczuk  3 , Malgorzata Chlabicz  1   5 , Jolanta Bucko  6 , Marcin Kozuch  5 , Slawomir Dobrzycki  5 , Jerzy Bychowski  6 , Wlodzimierz Jerzy Musial  2 , Adrian Godlewski  4 , Michal Ciborowski  4 , Attila Gyenesei  4 , Adam Kretowski  4 , Karol Adam Kaminski  1
Affiliations

Gut Microbiome in Chronic Coronary Syndrome Patients

Emilia Sawicka-Smiarowska et al. J Clin Med. .

Abstract

Despite knowledge of classical coronary artery disease (CAD) risk factors, the morbidity and mortality associated with this disease remain high. Therefore, new factors that may affect the development of CAD, such as the gut microbiome, are extensively investigated. This study aimed to evaluate gut microbiome composition in CAD patients in relation to the control group. We examined 169 CAD patients and 166 people in the control group, without CAD, matched in terms of age and sex to the study group. Both populations underwent a detailed health assessment. The microbiome analysis was based on the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene (NGS method). Among 4074 identified taxonomic units in the whole population, 1070 differed between study groups. The most common bacterial types were Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria. Furthermore, a higher Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio in the CAD group compared with the control was demonstrated. Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, independent of age, sex, CAD status, LDL cholesterol concentration, and statins treatment, was related to altered phosphatidylcholine concentrations obtained in targeted metabolomics. Altered alpha-biodiversity (Kruskal-Wallis test, p = 0.001) and beta-biodiversity (Bray-Curtis metric, p < 0.001) in the CAD group were observed. Moreover, a predicted functional analysis revealed some taxonomic units, metabolic pathways, and proteins that might be characteristic of the CAD patients' microbiome, such as increased expressions of 6-phospho-β-glucosidase and protein-N(pi)-phosphohistidine-sugar phosphotransferase and decreased expressions of DNA topoisomerase, oxaloacetate decarboxylase, and 6-beta-glucosidase. In summary, CAD is associated with altered gut microbiome composition and function.

Keywords: Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio; coronary artery disease; gut microbiome; microbiome dysbiosis; phosphatidylcholine; targeted metabolomics.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Alpha-biodiversity in coronary artery and control groups. CAD—coronary artery disease group. (a) The total amount of OTUs; OTUs—operational taxonomy units, (b) Shannon entropy, (c) Simpson Index, (d) Chao1bias-corrected estimator.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Composition of bacteria phyla in studied populations. CAD—coronary artery disease group.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio in CAD and control population. CAD—coronary artery disease.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Cladogram showing various taxonomic changes in gut microbiota between the CAD and control groups: (a) general analysis; (b) in order level; (c) in order and class level.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Potential changes in microbiome products in coronary artery disease and control groups at the protein level.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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