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Review
. 2021 Oct 21;21(21):6978.
doi: 10.3390/s21216978.

A Comprehensive Review on Smart Grids: Challenges and Opportunities

Jesús Jaime Moreno Escobar  1 , Oswaldo Morales Matamoros  1 , Ricardo Tejeida Padilla  2 , Ixchel Lina Reyes  1 , Hugo Quintana Espinosa  1
Affiliations
Review

A Comprehensive Review on Smart Grids: Challenges and Opportunities

Jesús Jaime Moreno Escobar et al. Sensors (Basel). .

Abstract

Recently, the operation of distribution systems does not depend on the state or utility based on centralized procedures, but rather the decentralization of the decisions of the distribution companies whose objectives are the efficiency of interconnectivity. Therefore, distribution companies are exposed to greater risks, and due to this, the need to make decisions based on increasingly reliable models has grown up considerably. Therefore, we present a survey of key aspects, technologies, protocols, and case studies of the current and future trend of Smart Grids. This work proposes a taxonomy of a large number of technologies in Smart Grids and their applications in scenarios of Smart Networks, Neural Networks, Blockchain, Industrial Internet of Things, or Software-Defined Networks. Therefore, this work summarizes the main features of 94 research articles ranging the last four years. We classify these survey, according Smart Grid Network Topologies, because it can group as the main axis the sensors applied to Smart Grids, as it shows us the interconnection forms generalization of the Smart Networks with respect to the sensors found in a home or industry.

Keywords: Industrial Internet of Things; Smart Grids; advanced sensors; applications in power distribution lines; smart metering; smart sensors.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Main factors that influence the composition of a Smart Grid.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Conceptual scheme of Smart Grids according to NIST.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Smart Grids Technologies by subsector.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Classification: (a) Smart Grid Network Topologies, (b) Smart Grid Technologies, and (c) Encryption used in Smart Grids.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Classification: (a) Type of current transmitted by the Smart Grid, (b) Data Transmission over a Smart Grid, and (c) Applications of Smart Grids.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Classification: (a) Connectivity used in the Smart Grid, (b) Tools used for the analysis of Smart Grids, and (c) Protocols Applied in Smart Grid Algorithms.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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