. 2021 Nov 8;21(21):7415.

doi: 10.3390/s21217415.

MIMO Antenna System for Modern 5G Handheld Devices with Healthcare and High Rate Delivery

Affiliations

¹ Electrical Engineering Department, City University of Science and Information Technology, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan.
² INZA Research Laboratory for Electromagnetic and Microwave Engineering, Multan 60600, Pakistan.
³ Department of Electronic Engineering, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan.
⁴ Department of Electrical Engineering, Sukkur IBA University, Sukkur 65200, Pakistan.
⁵ Department of Telecommunication Engineering, Mehran University of Engineering and Technology, Jomshoro 76062, Pakistan.
⁶ State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunication, Beijing 100876, China.
⁷ Department of Business Development and Technology, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark.
⁸ Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia.
⁹ Department of Signal Theory and Communications, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 28911 Leganés, Spain.
¹⁰ School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW 2109, Australia.
¹¹ Department of Electrical Engineering, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences, Quetta 87300, Pakistan.
¹² Faculty of Engineering and Informatics, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK.
¹³ Information and Communication Engineering Department, College of Science and Technology, Basrah University, Basra 61004, Iraq.
¹⁴ Electronic Engineering Department, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Vial Del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy.

PMID: 34770720
PMCID: PMC8587540
DOI: 10.3390/s21217415

MIMO Antenna System for Modern 5G Handheld Devices with Healthcare and High Rate Delivery

Saad Hassan Kiani et al. Sensors (Basel). 2021.

. 2021 Nov 8;21(21):7415.

doi: 10.3390/s21217415.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Electrical Engineering Department, City University of Science and Information Technology, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan.
² INZA Research Laboratory for Electromagnetic and Microwave Engineering, Multan 60600, Pakistan.
³ Department of Electronic Engineering, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan.
⁴ Department of Electrical Engineering, Sukkur IBA University, Sukkur 65200, Pakistan.
⁵ Department of Telecommunication Engineering, Mehran University of Engineering and Technology, Jomshoro 76062, Pakistan.
⁶ State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunication, Beijing 100876, China.
⁷ Department of Business Development and Technology, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark.
⁸ Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia.
⁹ Department of Signal Theory and Communications, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 28911 Leganés, Spain.
¹⁰ School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW 2109, Australia.
¹¹ Department of Electrical Engineering, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences, Quetta 87300, Pakistan.
¹² Faculty of Engineering and Informatics, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK.
¹³ Information and Communication Engineering Department, College of Science and Technology, Basrah University, Basra 61004, Iraq.
¹⁴ Electronic Engineering Department, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Vial Del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy.

PMID: 34770720
PMCID: PMC8587540
DOI: 10.3390/s21217415

Abstract

In this work, a new prototype of the eight-element MIMO antenna system for 5G communications, internet of things, and networks has been proposed. This system is based on an H-shaped monopole antenna system that offers 200 MHz bandwidth ranges between 3.4-3.6 GHz, and the isolation between any two elements is well below -12 dB without using any decoupling structure. The proposed system is designed on a commercially available 0.8 mm-thick FR4 substrate. One side of the chassis is used to place the radiating elements, while the copper from the other side is being removed to avoid short-circuiting with other components and devices. This also enables space for other systems, sub-systems, and components. A prototype is fabricated and excellent agreement is observed between the experimental and the computed results. It was found that ECC is 0.2 for any two radiating elements which is consistent with the desirable standards, and channel capacity is 38 bps/Hz which is 2.9 times higher than 4 × 4 MIMO configuration. In addition, single hand mode and dual hand mode analysis are conducted to understand the operation of the system under such operations and to identify losses and/or changes in the key performance parameters. Based on the results, the proposed antenna system will find its applications in modern 5G handheld devices and internet of things with healthcare and high rate delivery. Besides that, its design simplicity will make it applicable for mass production to be used in industrial demands.

Keywords: 5G; MIMO antenna systems; healthcare; high gain; high isolation; high rate delivery; internet of things (IOT); wide bandwidth.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

**Figure 1**
Proposed MIMO antenna system (a) Single element. (b) Eight-element antenna array.

**Figure 2**
(a) Surface current distribution at 3.5 GHz. (b) Surface current distribution of the antenna array at 3.5 GHz, when antenna-2 is excited.

**Figure 3**
Parametric analysis. (a) Reflection coefficient for various values of width W2. (b)Reflection coefficient for various values of length L3. (c) Reflection coefficient for various values of width W3.

**Figure 4**
Fabricated Prototype (a) View 1 (b) Close view 2 (c) Full board.

**Figure 5**
Reflection coefficient of proposed MIMO antenna (a) Antenna 2 and 4 Return loss (b) Antenna 6 and 8 Return loss (c) Ports isolation simulated (d) Ports isolation measured.

**Figure 6**
Radiation patterns at 3.5 GHz for (a) 1D Pattern Ant 2, (b) 1D Pattern Ant 4, (c) 1D Pattern Ant 6 (d) 1D Pattern Ant 8 (e) 3D Pattern Ant 2 (f) 3D Pattern Ant 4 (g) 3D Pattern Ant 6 (h) 3D Pattern Ant 8.

**Figure 7**
Envelope Correlation Coefficient (ECC) of proposed MIMO antenna.

**Figure 8**
Channel capacity of proposed MIMO antenna.

**Figure 9**
Antenna efficiency for single element and for MIMO system.

**Figure 10**
User hand analysis (a) single hand mode, (b) dual hand mode.

**Figure 11**
(a) Reflection coefficients for SHM. (b) Ports isolation for SHM.

**Figure 12**
(a) Reflection coefficients for DHM, (b) ports isolation for DHM.

**Figure 13**
(a) ECC for SHM, and (b) ECC for DHM.

**Figure 14**
(a) Antenna efficiency for SHM (b) antenna efficiency for DHM.

See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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MIMO Antenna System for Modern 5G Handheld Devices with Healthcare and High Rate Delivery

Affiliations

MIMO Antenna System for Modern 5G Handheld Devices with Healthcare and High Rate Delivery

Authors

Affiliations

Abstract

Conflict of interest statement

Figures

References

MeSH terms

LinkOut - more resources

Full Text Sources

Medical

Miscellaneous