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Review
. 2021 Oct 25;13(21):3666.
doi: 10.3390/polym13213666.

Soil Injection Technology Using an Expandable Polyurethane Resin: A Review

Mohanad Muayad Sabri Sabri  1 , Nikolai Ivanovich Vatin  2 , Kifayah Abood Mohammed Alsaffar  3
Affiliations
Review

Soil Injection Technology Using an Expandable Polyurethane Resin: A Review

Mohanad Muayad Sabri Sabri et al. Polymers (Basel). .

Abstract

The soil injection, using an expandable polyurethane resin, holds a unique potential for settlement compensation, lifting, and strengthening the foundations of existing buildings and structures. Although various research and case studies regarding this technology have been published, these studies emphasized the technology's effectiveness in the rapid lifting process. Nevertheless, there is no complete understanding of the technology, yet, that gathers necessary data leading to a better recognition for this technology in the theoretical understanding and the practical applications. This article aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of this technology. The injection process, the resin's mechanism, and actual propagation in the soil's massive, the modified physic-mechanical properties of the soil, the expansion process, the consumption of the resin, and the durability are extensively reviewed in this article. Besides that, this article aims to demonstrate the advantages and limitations of this technology in practical applications. The review also explores the existing finite element models used to calculate the strength and stiffness parameters, evaluating the bearing capacity of the composite (soil-resin) and the settlement after the injection process.

Keywords: building restorations; clay; expanding polyurethane resin; foundation lifting; foundation remediation; geopolymers; ground improvement; sand; slab lifting; soil; soil stabilization.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors of this article declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Resin samples were extracted from the injected plot after the injection process of the field investigations [67].
Figure 2
Figure 2
Different resin sections were distributed in the massive of the injected soil at a depth of 0.4 m [65,68].
Figure 3
Figure 3
Different resin sections were distributed in the massive of the injected soil at a depth of 1.1 m [65,68].
Figure 4
Figure 4
Solidified polymer segment [76].
Figure 5
Figure 5
The relationship between the resin’s density and its compressive strength [67].
Figure 6
Figure 6
The relationship between the resin’s density and its elastic modulus [67].
Figure 7
Figure 7
The reaction time and the resin volumetric expansion relationship [67].
Figure 8
Figure 8
The relationship between the volumetric expansion ratio and the weight of the resin [67].
Figure 9
Figure 9
The average value of dynamic resistance of 20 investigated points before and after resin injection [73].
Figure 10
Figure 10
The generated stresses in the soil massive without the resin inclusion in a homogenous environment equivalent to the soil with the resin inclusion [68].
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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