Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2021 Oct 20;14(21):6233.
doi: 10.3390/ma14216233.

Frictional Properties of the TiNbTaZrO Orthodontic Wire-A Laboratory Comparison to Popular Archwires

Krzysztof Schmeidl  1 , Michal Wieczorowski  2 , Katarzyna Grocholewicz  1 , Michal Mendak  2 , Joanna Janiszewska-Olszowska  1
Affiliations

Frictional Properties of the TiNbTaZrO Orthodontic Wire-A Laboratory Comparison to Popular Archwires

Krzysztof Schmeidl et al. Materials (Basel). .

Abstract

Background: This study aimed to determine the kinetic frictional force (FF) of the recently produced TiNbTaZrO (Gummetal) orthodontic wire and compare it to the widely used wires of stainless steel (SS), nickel-titanium (NiTi), cobalt-chromium (CoCr) and titanium-molybdenum (TiMo) alloys.

Methods: Five types of 0.016″ × 0.022″ wires were ligated with elastic ligatures to 0.018″ × 0.025″ SS brackets. The dynamic FFs between the brackets and ligated wires were measured utilizing a specialized tensile tester machine. Prior sample sizes for different archwires were conducted using power analysis for the general linear models. The existence of significant differences in FF between examined materials was initially confirmed by the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with further evidence of pairwise differences by Tukey's Honest Significant Difference test.

Results: The pairwise differences between means of kinetic FFs for NiTi, CoCr, and Gummetal wires were not statistically significant (adjusted p-value > 0.05). Stainless steel alloy presented the lowest FF values significantly different from other groups (adjusted p-value < 0.05). On the contrary, TiMo wires showed significantly greater FFs (adjusted p-value < 0.05) than other alloys.

Conclusions: Gummetal orthodontic wire exhibits similar frictional resistance as NiTi and CoCr wires. Bendable TiNbTaZrO wire might be used for sliding mechanics due to its favorable frictional properties.

Keywords: Gummetal; TiNb; dynamic friction; orthodontic archwire.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
A model mounted in the base handle of the force testing machine.
Figure 2
Figure 2
A focus variation microscope used for topography measurements with a wire in a holder.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Histogram with normal curve per group of samples (n = 1,200,000) presenting the empirical distribution of kinetic FF (unit; N).
Figure 4
Figure 4
Pairwise group means differences in the form of confidence intervals.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Images of different wires: (a) Remanium (SS); (b) Nickel-Titanium (NiTi); (c) Elgiloy Blue (CoCr); (d) BetaForce (TiMo); (e) Gummetal (TiNbTaZrO).
Figure 5
Figure 5
Images of different wires: (a) Remanium (SS); (b) Nickel-Titanium (NiTi); (c) Elgiloy Blue (CoCr); (d) BetaForce (TiMo); (e) Gummetal (TiNbTaZrO).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Rabinowicz E., Tanner R.I. Friction and Wear of Materials. J. Appl. Mech. 1966;33:479. doi: 10.1115/1.3625110. - DOI
    1. Lo Giudice G., Lo Giudice A., Isola G., Fabiano F., Artemisia A., Fabiano V., Nucera R., Matarese G. Evaluation of Bond Strength and Detachment Interface Distribution of Different Bracket Base Designs. Acta Med. Mediterr. 2015;31:585.
    1. Bordea I., Sîrbu A., Lucaciu O., Ilea A., Câmpian R., Todea D., Alexescu T., Aluaș M., Budin C., Pop A. Microleakage—The Main Culprit in Bracket Bond Failure? J. Mind Med. Sci. 2019;6:86–94. doi: 10.22543/7674.61.P8694. - DOI
    1. Omana H.M., Moore R.N., Bagby M.D. Frictional Properties of Metal and Ceramic Brackets. J. Clin. Orthod. 1992;26:425–432. - PubMed
    1. Prashant P.S., Nandan H., Gopalakrishnan M. Friction in Orthodontics. J. Pharm. Bioallied Sci. 2015;7:334–338. doi: 10.4103/0975-7406.163439. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

LinkOut - more resources