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. 2022;24(10):12203-12225.
doi: 10.1007/s10668-021-01941-9. Epub 2021 Nov 8.

Heterogeneous impact of agricultural support policies: evidence from Turkey

Alper Demirdogen  1 , Emine Olhan  1 , Mehmet Hasdemir  2
Affiliations

Heterogeneous impact of agricultural support policies: evidence from Turkey

Alper Demirdogen et al. Environ Dev Sustain. 2022.

Abstract

Agricultural support policies, which increase production to excessive levels, have been heavily criticized for their distortional effects on farmers' decisions. High input consumption, which harms the environment, and the distribution of supports, which causes income inequality among farmers, are also the other factors that economists criticize these support policies. However, in recent years, the use and dependence on production and land have been increasing globally due to fears of food insecurity in several countries. In this article, the impact of a support policy on cotton farmers' land in Turkey is evaluated using a detailed farm-level micro dataset. We use the dynamic panel model to consider the production dynamics, unobservable individual heterogeneity, and the endogeneity of the support variable. Our results show that considering the support variable as endogenous significantly increased its impact on farmers' land. A farmer's past land allocation decisions also affected their current lands holdings. However, the results varied considerably between regions and between different land sizes. Therefore, the findings show the importance of heterogeneity in the impact of support policies. We conclude that due to the heterogeneous impact of support policies, it might not be possible to discuss the effect of support policies using an average estimate applicable for all farmers. Therefore, a different support policy considering regional characteristics or farm size is necessary to obtain the desired policy outcomes.

Keywords: Dynamic panel models; Heterogeneous impact; Support policy.

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Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Deficiency Payment of Cotton in Turkey Note Section A of this figure was estimated using the budget document of the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry (TOB, 2019). Section B was estimated using the TurkStat database and several issues of the Official Gazette of Turkey (TurkStat, 2021)
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Support and land elasticities for farmers in different regions Note Elasticities were estimated using the mean values and parameters in Appendix—Table 3
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Support and land elasticities for different groups of farmers classified according to land size Note Elasticities were estimated using the mean values and parameters in Appendix—Table 4
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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