Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2021;1(1):21.
doi: 10.1186/s44149-021-00024-6. Epub 2021 Sep 28.

The epidemiology of swine influenza

Yin Li  1   2 , Ian Robertson  1   3   4
Affiliations
Review

The epidemiology of swine influenza

Yin Li et al. Anim Dis. 2021.

Abstract

Globally swine influenza is one of the most important diseases of the pig industry, with various subtypes of swine influenza virus co-circulating in the field. Swine influenza can not only cause large economic losses for the pig industry but can also lead to epidemics or pandemics in the human population. We provide an overview of the pathogenic characteristics of the disease, diagnosis, risk factors for the occurrence on pig farms, impact on pigs and humans and methods to control it. This review is designed to promote understanding of the epidemiology of swine influenza which will benefit the control of the disease in both pigs and humans.

Keywords: Epidemiology; Influenza; Risk factors; Swine influenza; Zoonotic transmission.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Competing interestsThis study was funded by MIPS Strategic Scholarship from Murdoch University. The funder has no impact on the design of the study and the interpretation of the results. Author Ian Robertson was not involved in the journal’s review of, or decisions related to this manuscript. The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

See all "Cited by" articles

References

    1. Abe H, Mine J, Parchariyanon S, Takemae N, Boonpornprasert P, Ubonyaem N, Patcharasinghawut P, Nuansrichay B, Tanikawa T, Tsunekuni R, Saito T. Co-infection of influenza a viruses of swine contributes to effective shuffling of gene segments in a naturally reared pig. Virology. 2015;484:203–212. doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2015.06.002. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Abente EJ, Gauger PC, Walia RR, Rajao DS, Zhang JQ, Harmon KM, Killian ML, Vincent AL. Detection and characterization of an H4N6 avian-lineage influenza a virus in pigs in the Midwestern United States. Virology. 2017;511:56–65. doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2017.08.021. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Allerson M, Deen J, Detmer SE, Gramer MR, Joo HS, Romagosa A, Torremorell M. The impact of maternally derived immunity on influenza a virus transmission in neonatal pig populations. Vaccine. 2013;31:500–505. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.11.023. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Allerson MW, Cardona CJ, Torremorell M. Indirect transmission of influenza a virus between pig populations under two different biosecurity settings. PLoS One. 2013;8:e67293. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067293. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Almeida HM, Storino GY, Pereira DA, Gatto IR, Mathias LA, Montassier HJ, de Oliveira LG. A cross-sectional study of swine influenza in intensive and extensive farms in the northeastern region of the state of Sao Paulo. Brazil. Trop. Anim. Health Prod. 2017;49:25–30. doi: 10.1007/s11250-016-1153-z. - DOI - PubMed

LinkOut - more resources